Quid pro quo sexual harassment: Comparative study of its occurrences in selected institutions in South-West, Nigeria

Uncovering the untold story: exploring gender disparities in sexual harassment experiences and coping strategies among Ghanaian higher education students

“…According to Liyanage and Liyanage (2020), "SH in tertiary institutions includes inappropriate sexualized comments or gestures; unwanted physical contacts such as touching, pinching or groping through to threats of exam failure or sexual assault and rape". Aina-Pelemo et al (2021) found that the first form of SH is quid pro quo harassment which usually takes place when a female student is coerced into having sex with the lecturer(s) under the threat of failing a course. It states that "quid pro quo" harassment is equally unlawful whether the student resists and suffers the threatened harm or remains submissive to avoid victimization.…”

Broken home, sexual harassment, and educational outcome: Evidence from higher institutions in Nigeria

“…As a self-coined terminology, we refer to the commercialization of sex in higher institutions of learning in form of "sex for marks" which is an unethical mutual understanding or agreement or unwritten consent between a lecturer and his/her student to engage in an illicit sexual relationship in exchange for marks or grade. The actors of this immoral symbiotic relationship normally do not raise an alarm that their rights or personality has been trampled upon as it usually takes willingness and commitment from both parties to partake in such a scandalous act, hence, it normally remained unreported (Aina-Pelemo, Oke, & Alade, 2021;Fadipe & Bakenne, 2020;Imonikhe, Aluede, & Idogho, 2012;Obianyo, 2021;Oyeoku, Ibezim, Agwu, & Okoye, 2022). This is invariable of who makes the first offer and at what social or economic cost what is more important to actors of this sexual insensitivity is their predetermined or anticipated outcome(s) as such the management of these institutions might not have proper records and hence toothless to activate its disciplinary mechanism to checkmate the scandals.…”

“…The victims of this harassment and abuse by lecturers of different gender have a heterogenous socioeconomic background as it affects both students from a highly placed background as well as those from vulnerable households. This form of harassment is believed to have psychological effects on its victims which in turn may negative relationship with students' academic attainment (Aina-Pelemo et al, 2021;Crowley, Cornell, & Konold, 2021;Fadipe & Bakenne, 2020;Handy, 2006;Lei et al, 2020;Obianyo, 2021;Oyeoku et al, 2022;Stermac, Cripps, Amiri, & Badali, 2020;Zewude & Ashine, 2016).…”

“Four of my Lecturers Including my HOD Took Sexual Interest in Me”: Factors Facilitating Sexual Harassment and Exploitation in Nigerian Higher Education Institutions

“…For decades, Nigerian higher education institutions (HEIs) have featured as places where sex is used to determine who gets decent marks and who gets the opposite. Available evidence suggests that sexual exploitation of female students by male lecturers in Nigeria "cuts across public, private and faith-based institutions, regardless of the geographical locations" (Akpambang, 2021, p.31) although some studies suggest that it is more common in public institutions compared to private ones (see Aina-Pelemo et al, 2021). A collaborative survey conducted in six tertiary education institutions in Lagos State by the Africa Polling Institute (API, 2019) and Heart Minders Advancement Initiative found that 56 percent of the 1,642 participants in the study acknowledged the prevalence of rape in their institutions, while 39 percent acknowledged sexual harassment and molestation.…”