Quick to the draw: How suspect race and socioeconomic status influences shooting decisions

Moore‐Berg, Samantha L.; Karpinski, Andrew; Plant, E. Ashby

doi:10.1111/jasp.12454

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…Another possibility consistent with previously observed categorical associations between race and status ( Weeks and Lupfer, 2004 ; Penner and Saperstein, 2008 ; Freeman et al , 2011 ; Lei and Bodenhausen, 2017 ) is that race and status may interact during person evaluation ( Correll et al , 2011 ; Moore-Berg et al , 2017 ). Due to high-EMS perceivers’ anxiety about appearing prejudiced ( Amodio et al , 2006 ) and tendency to focus on non-racial attributes ( Norton et al , 2006 ; Apfelbaum et al , 2008 ), NAcc and VMPFC responses may evince a simultaneously enhanced evaluation of high-SES Black targets and a devaluation of high-SES White targets ( Bergsieker et al , 2010 ; Swencionis and Fiske, 2016 )—with the reverse pattern in amygdala activation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…At present, there are few empirical studies examining the intersections of race and status in person evaluation (but see Jussim et al , 1987 ; Kirby, 1999 ; Moore-Berg et al , 2017 ). Addressing this gap in social neuroscience, the present research revealed that White perceivers’ EMS altered neural processing of a non-racial attribute (viz., status) during person evaluation, independently of race.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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External motivation to avoid prejudice alters neural responses to targets varying in race and status

Mattan¹,

Kubota

Dang³

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Those who are high in external motivation to respond without prejudice (EMS) tend to focus on non-racial attributes when describing others. This fMRI study examined the neural processing of race and an alternative yet stereotypically relevant attribute (viz., socioeconomic status: SES) as a function of the perceiver’s EMS. Sixty-one White participants privately formed impressions of Black and White faces ascribed with high or low SES. Analyses focused on regions supporting race- and status-based reward/salience (NAcc), evaluation (VMPFC) and threat/relevance (amygdala). Consistent with previous findings from the literature on status-based evaluation, we observed greater neural responses to high-status (vs low-status) targets in all regions of interest when participants were relatively low in EMS. In contrast, we observed the opposite pattern when participants were relatively high in EMS. Notably, all effects were independent of target race. In summary, White perceivers’ race-related motivations similarly altered their neural responses to the SES of Black and White targets. Specifically, the findings suggest that EMS may attenuate the positive value and/or salience of high status in a mixed-race context. Findings are discussed in the context of the stereotypic relationship between race and SES.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

External motivation to avoid prejudice alters neural responses to targets varying in race and status

Mattan¹,

Kubota

Dang³

et al. 2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Specifically, participants demonstrate more shooter bias toward rich Blacks than rich Whites and no significant differences in shooting decisions between poor Whites and poor Blacks. Thus, participants respond similarly toward poor Whites, poor Blacks, and rich Blacks and uniquely toward rich Whites (Moore‐Berg, Karpinski, & Plant, ). This pattern of results mirrors other shooter bias research that alters suspect race and the type of neighborhood (i.e., dangerous or safe) that the suspect is shown in (Correll, Wittenbrink, Park, Judd, & Goyle, ).…”

Section: An Intersectional Approach To Race and Social Classmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intersectional approach to understanding how race and social class affect intergroup processes

Moore‐Berg

Karpinski

2018

Social & Personality Psych

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Much of the current psychological literature investigates single category dimensions (i.e., race or social class), with little focus on the intersection of multiple social category dimensions. Yet some evidence suggests that the intersection of race and social class information influences (a) stereotype expression, (b) categorization, (c) impressions, (d) prejudice, and (e) discrimination, revealing common links between Blackness and low social class and Whiteness and high social class in at least the United States. The present article reviews evidence for considering both target race and social class as intersecting social categories that simultaneously influence intergroup processes. This analysis suggests that a more comprehensive understanding of intergroup processes can be achieved when considering the intersection of race and social class information. This review also provides a series of future directions to advance intergroup processes research.

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“…Relatedly, physical fatigue – as operationalized by sleep – also had a negative effect on shooting accuracy (Ma et al, 2012). Although a large body of work on police shooting decisions has focused on the difference between Black vs. White targets, some scholars have begun examining the role of gender, SES, and other racial and ethnic backgrounds (e.g., Latino, Asian, Muslim: Fleming et al, 2010; Plant et al, 2011; Sadler et al, 2012; Moore-Berg et al, 2017).…”

Section: Dynamic Accumulation Of Evidence In the Decision To Shoot Ormentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Processes in Dynamic Decision Making: How Experimental Findings About Risk, Uncertainty, and Emotion Can Contribute to Police Decision Making

2019

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In this paper, we review basic findings from experimental studies in judgment and decision making that could contribute to designing policies and trainings to enhance police decision making. Traditional judgment and decision-making research has focused on simple choices between hypothetical gambles, which has been criticized for its lack of generalizability to real world contexts. Over the past 15 years, researchers have focused on understanding the dynamic processes in decision making. This recent focus has allowed for the possibility of more generalizable applications of basic decision science to social issues. We review recent work in three dynamic decision-making topics: dynamic accumulation of evidence in the decision to shoot or not shoot, how previous decisions influence current choices, and how the cognitive and neurological processing of fear influences decisions and decision errors. We conclude this review with a summary of how basic experimental research can apply in policing and training.

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Quick to the draw: How suspect race and socioeconomic status influences shooting decisions

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

External motivation to avoid prejudice alters neural responses to targets varying in race and status

External motivation to avoid prejudice alters neural responses to targets varying in race and status

An intersectional approach to understanding how race and social class affect intergroup processes

Basic Processes in Dynamic Decision Making: How Experimental Findings About Risk, Uncertainty, and Emotion Can Contribute to Police Decision Making

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