Quick detection method for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) monitoring in freshwater - A review

Li, Jing; Persson, Kenneth M

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128591

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Viable bacterial cells of strain SSZ01at a nal concentration of 10 5 cfu ml − 1 was inoculated into a 250-ml sterile conical ask containing 100 ml of ltered (0.2 µm) and autoclaved lake water (pH7) and different concentrations of STX (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 µg L − 1 ). These concentrations were chosen based on the range (1 − 26 µg L − 1 ) of environmentally relevant concentrations of extracellular STXs (Munoz et al 2021;Li and Persson 2021). In our experiments, two control groups were used.…”

Section: Bacterial Degradation Of Saxitoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation and detoxification of saxitoxin by Bacillus flexus in batch experiments

et al. 2023

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Saxitoxins (STXs) are carbamate alkaloid neurotoxins produced by some species of cyanobacteria. They are water soluble and relatively stable the natural environment, and thereby represent a risk to animal and human health through a long-time exposure. STXs cannot be su ciently removed by conventional water treatment methods. Therefore, this study investigates the potential STX biodegradation and detoxi cation by bacteria as a promising method for toxin removal. STX biodegradation experiments were conducted using Bacillus exus SSZ01 strain in batch cultures. The results revealed that SSZ01 strain grew well and rapidly detoxi ed STX, with no lag phase observed. STX detoxi cation by SSZ01 strain was initial-toxin-concentration-dependent. The highest biotransformation rate (10µg STX L -1 day -1 ) was obtained at the highest initial toxin concentrations (50µg L -1 ) and the lowest (0.06µg STX L -1 day -1 ) was recorded at the lowest initial concentration (0.5µg L -1 ). STX biotransformation rate increased with temperature, with highest occurred at 30 ºC. This rate was also in uenced by pH, with highest obtained at pH8 and lowest at higher and lower pH values. HPLC chromatograms showed that STX biotransformation peak is corresponding to the least STX analogue (disulfated sulfocarbamoyl-C1 variant). The Artemia-based toxicity assay revealed that this biotransformation byproduct was nontoxic. This suggests the potential application of this bacterial strain in slow sand lters for cyanotoxin removal in water treatment plants. Being nontoxic, this byproduct needs to be assayed for its therapeutic effects towards neurodegenerative diseases.

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Section: Bacterial Degradation Of Saxitoxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotransformation and detoxification of saxitoxin by Bacillus flexus in batch experiments

et al. 2023

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“…Endogenous toxic and harmful substances can be divided into endogenous toxins and toxic substances produced in processing. Endogenous toxins include toxic proteins, alkaloids, phenols in plant-derived agricultural products [ 3 , 4 , 5 ], tetrodotoxin, shellfish toxin, and so on, in animal-derived agricultural products [ 6 , 7 ]. Exogenous toxic and harmful substances mainly come from the external environment, and pollution to food, such as pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of Applying Infrared Spectroscopy Technology for Detection of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food

Tian

et al. 2022

Foods

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In recent years, food safety incidents have been frequently reported. Food or raw materials themselves contain substances that may endanger human health and are called toxic and harmful substances in food, which can be divided into endogenous, exogenous toxic, and harmful substances and biological toxins. Therefore, realizing the rapid, efficient, and nondestructive testing of toxic and harmful substances in food is of great significance to ensure food safety and improve the ability of food safety supervision. Among the nondestructive detection methods, infrared spectroscopy technology has become a powerful solution for detecting toxic and harmful substances in food with its high efficiency, speed, easy operation, and low costs, while requiring less sample size and is nondestructive, and has been widely used in many fields. In this review, the concept and principle of IR spectroscopy in food are briefly introduced, including NIR and FTIR. Then, the main progress and contribution of IR spectroscopy are summarized, including the model’s establishment, technical application, and spectral optimization in grain, fruits, vegetables, and beverages. Moreover, the limitations and development prospects of detection are discussed. It is anticipated that infrared spectroscopy technology, in combination with other advanced technologies, will be widely used in the whole food safety field.

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“…Paralytic shell sh toxins (PSTs) are mainly produced naturally by the neurotoxic alkaloids of dino agellates, which known to contain these harmful products, including the genera of Alexandrium species, Gymnodinium, and Gonuaulaxspp in the ocean (Li J, 2021). Saxitoxin analogues are a source of great concern as they are potent neurotoxins that block the voltage-gated sodium channels in excitable cells, suppressing ion permeation (Smith et al, 2019), which results in a series of poisoning symptoms, such as limb muscle paralysis, headache, salivation, and even asphyxiation and death (Woo and Bahna, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination status of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish from Southeastern China in 2017–2021

Zheng

Yang

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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A total of 2,355 shell sh samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to study the toxin pro les of the 10 paralytic shell sh toxins (PSTs) collected from the southeast coast of China from 2017 to 2021. From 2355 shell sh samples (10.91%), 257 were detected, with the highest value in samples of Perna viridis. Among the six source areas in China, the samples from Fujian recorded the highest detected rate (15.28%). PSTs were found in Fuzhou (FZ), Ningde (ND), Quanzhou (QZ), Putian (PT), Zhangzhou (ZZ), and Xiamen (XM), with QZ and FZ having the highest and lowest detection rates of 15.28% and 4.23%, respectively. Saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (neoSTX), gonyautoxin (GTX1, GTX2, GTX3, GTX4), N-sulfocarbamoyl toxin (GTX5), and decarbamoyl toxin (dcSTX, dcGTX2, dcGTX3) were detected, and GTX5 and dcGTX2 were dominant. In addition, the samples containing PSTs were mostly concentrated in May to August and occasionally detected in December. The ndings of this study will serve as a solid foundation for detecting marine contaminants and preserving seafood consumers' health.

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Quick detection method for paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) monitoring in freshwater - A review

Cited by 25 publications

References 73 publications

Biotransformation and detoxification of saxitoxin by Bacillus flexus in batch experiments

Biotransformation and detoxification of saxitoxin by Bacillus flexus in batch experiments

Research Progress of Applying Infrared Spectroscopy Technology for Detection of Toxic and Harmful Substances in Food

Contamination status of paralytic shellfish toxins in shellfish from Southeastern China in 2017–2021

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