"Quick and Easy" Formulae for Approximating Statistical Power in Repeated Measures ANOVA

Park, Ilhyeok; Schutz, Robert W.

doi:10.1207/s15327841mpee0304_5

Cited by 50 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…His data were judged to be outlying (4.36 SD > mean) and were not included in the analysis. A sample of 27 provided statistical power to detect a true effect of ≥ 0.27 SD between the ginger and placebo conditions given the cross-over design of the study, an alpha error of 0.05, and a correlation between repeated trials of ≥ 0.90 on the outcome measures (Park and Schutz, 1999). The methods were reviewed and approved by the University of Georgia Institutional Review Board, and all participants read and signed an informed consent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of dietary ginger on muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise

Black¹,

O’Connor²

2010

Phytotherapy Research

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Zingiber officinale, commonly known as ginger, has analgesic and antiinflammatory properties. The acute effects of ginger on muscle pain, inflammation and dysfunction induced by eccentric exercise were examined. Twenty-seven participants performed 24 eccentric actions of the non-dominant elbow flexors. In a double-blind, cross-over design, participants ingested a 2 g dose of ginger or placebo 24 h and 48 h after exercise. Pain intensity (0-100 mm), arm volume (water displacement), range-of-motion (goniometry) and metabolic rate were assessed before and 45 min after ingestion of ginger or placebo. Eccentric exercise induced moderate arm pain (39 ± 20 mm; mean ± SD) and dysfunction (14% decrease in ROM) and an increase in volume (1.8%). Overall, ginger consumption demonstrated no effect on muscle pain, dysfunction, or metabolic rate compared with placebo. In the sub-set of participants who consumed ginger 24 h after exercise, arm pain was reduced (13%, -5.9 ± 8.8 mm) the following day, 48 h after exercise. Participants who ingested placebo 24 h post-exercise exhibited no change in pain the following day (0.0 ± 14.7 mm). In conclusion, a single 2 g dose of ginger does not attenuate eccentric exercise-induced muscle pain, inflammation or dysfunction 45 min after ingestion. However, ginger may attenuate the day-to-day progression of muscle pain.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of dietary ginger on muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise

Black¹,

O’Connor²

2010

Phytotherapy Research

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“…A power analysis for VO 2max revealed that 9-12 subjects were necessary to detect a moderate effect of d = 0.5, assuming a correlation between the repeated measures of 0.9, α = 0.05, and power ≈ 0.8 (Potvin and Schultz, 2000;Park and Schutz, 1999). Male and female college-aged students (19 -29 years old) were recruited to participate in the study.…”

Section: Subject Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological And Performance Effects Of Crossfit

Goins¹,

Richardson²,

Wingo³

et al. 2014

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

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CrossFit has grown in popularity over the past few years, which has led to an increased need for more research on this type of training. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of CrossFit on aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity (VO 2max ), power, performance, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, and body composition. This study also assessed the rating of perceived exertion after a CrossFit workout and perceived recovery the day following a workout.The study was a pre-post design in which twelve participants completed a 30-day, 6-week, CrossFit training program. Prior to the exercise program, VO 2max , maximal accumulated oxygen deficit, vertical jump height, body weight, body composition, resting heart rate, and resting blood pressure were assessed for each individual. The first three workouts of the 6-week program were also used to assess performance in three CrossFit workouts that stressed all three energy systems.These same measurements were assessed at the end of the 6-week training session. Pairedsamples T-tests showed statistically significant improvement for VO 2max (11%, p = .001), maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (25%, p = .021), performance in all three CrossFit workouts (CrossFit Total: 11%, p < .001; 500m row: 4%, p = .017; Fight Gone Bad: 31%, p < .001), and diastolic blood pressure (14%, p = .014). Average rating of perceived exertion for each training session was found to be 15 ± 2, and the average rating of perceived recovery was stated to be 7.2 ± 1.3. These results show that participating in a CrossFit training program based on the Training Guide can lead to improvements in aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity, and performance using all three energy systems.iii DEDICATION First, I would like to dedicate this dissertation to the participants that volunteered their time and effort in order to help me complete this project. I cannot name you all individually, but

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“…Subjects were cyclists and triathletes averaging 184 ± 82 km/week cycling and/or 16 ± 14 km/week running. Power analysis (Park and Schutz 1999) performed in advance revealed the sample size of N = 10 was sufficient to detect a moderate effect size (Potvin and Schutz 2000) among the measures of _ VO 2max (control, 15-, 45-min without cooling, and 45-min with fan). The study was approved by the university's institutional review board in advance, and subjects gave written informed consent prior to testing.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body cooling attenuates the decrease in maximal oxygen uptake associated with cardiovascular drift during heat stress

Wingo

Cureton

2006

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Previous research suggests cardiovascular drift (CV drift) is associated with decreased maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)(max)) during heat stress, but more research manipulating CV drift with subsequent measurement of VO(2)(max) is needed to assess whether this relationship is causal. To assess causation, VO(2)(max) was measured during the same time interval that CV drift occurred (between 15 and 45 min of submaximal exercise under different conditions of body cooling intended to manipulate CV drift). Ten men completed a control graded exercise test (GXT) in 22 degrees C to measure VO(2)(max) then on separate occasions they cycled in 35 degrees C at 60% VO(2)(max) for 15 min (15 max), 45 min with no cooling (NC), and 45 min with fan airflow (FAN) beginning at approximately 18 min into exercise, and each bout was immediately followed by a GXT to measure VO(2)(max) In NC, VO(2)(max) decreased 18%, heart rate (HR) increased 16%, and stroke volume (SV) fell 12% (P < 0.05) from min 15 to min 45. In FAN, VO(2)(max) fell less (5.7%, P < 0.05) , HR rose less (4%, P < 0.05) and SV decreased less (3%, P < 0.05) from 15 to 45 min. The fall in VO(2)(max) associated with CV drift during exercise in a hot environment is attenuated with body cooling via fan airflow. The findings support the notion that a causal link exists between CV drift that occurs during prolonged exercise in a hot environment and a decrease in VO(2)(max).

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"Quick and Easy" Formulae for Approximating Statistical Power in Repeated Measures ANOVA

Cited by 50 publications

References 15 publications

Acute effects of dietary ginger on muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise

Acute effects of dietary ginger on muscle pain induced by eccentric exercise

Physiological And Performance Effects Of Crossfit

Body cooling attenuates the decrease in maximal oxygen uptake associated with cardiovascular drift during heat stress

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