Questionnaires embedded in virtual environments: reliability and positioning of rating scales in virtual environments

An Immersive Self-Report Tool for the Affective Appraisal of 360° VR Videos

“…As a result, the measurements thus obtained may not fully reflect the range of different emotions that were experienced over the entire course of the VE experience. This suggests a need for immersive affective self-report tools to assess VR evoked emotions, preferably at multiple instances during the VR experience itself (Bouchard et al, 2004;Regal et al, 2019;Oliveira et al, 2020). Recent studies showed that the inclusion of an affective rating tool in the VE can speed up user response by almost a factor of five compared to paper and pencil methods (Krüger et al, 2020), while the superposition of a two-dimensional affective response grid over 360 • videos affords continuous affective ratings (Voigt-Antons et al, 2020;Xue et al, 2020).…”

“…Future studies should therefore (1) track the instantaneous viewing direction to check what parts of the scene or which events participants actually perceived, and (2) afford a more frequent rating procedure to ensure that participants can rate affectively distinct parts of a VR movies individually, thus eliminating the need to give an overall rating to videos containing episodes of opposite valence. This can for instance be achieved by continuously blending the EmojiGrid in the field-of-view of the observer (e.g., Voigt-Antons et al, 2020) or placing it as a billboard at a fixed location in the scene (e.g., Regal et al, 2019).…”

“…An essential requirement for these type of studies is the availability of validated and efficient tools for the assessment of affective responses to VR experiences (Oliveira et al, 2018). Preferably, these instruments should be able to unobtrusively blend into the VE so that users do not lose their sense of immersion when they need to step out of the VR to give a response (Regal et al, 2019;Krüger et al, 2020;Voigt-Antons et al, 2020). The recently introduced EmojiGrid is a viable candidate since it is intuitive and language independent (and therefore probably requires minimal cognitive effort: Kaneko et al, 2018b;Toet et al, 2018;Toet and van Erp, 2019;Voigt-Antons et al, 2020), and since it can easily be embedded in a VE.…”

Joint effects of depth-aiding augmentations and viewing positions on the quality of experience in augmented telepresence

“…Other ways of administering these forms, e.g. by virtual questionnaire within the HMD as suggested by Regal et al in [88], might be viable for maintaining participant engagement during the experiment.…”

Towards Low-burden Responses to Open Questions in VR

“…Moreover, particularly for unsupervised remote (i.e., online) VR studies, the break of the study flow may cause the participants to drop off before finishing the experiment. VR research has started administering questionnaires inside the Virtual Environment (VE); therefore, the participants do not need to leave the VE to fill out questionnaires and can stay closer to the experience which improves the study flow along with the User Experience (UX) of the the study [3,22,24]. However, the process of filling out questionnaires is interrupting and burdening, and in many cases it causes participants to terminate the study [17,29].…”