Questionnaires as screening tools for children with cerebral visual impairment

Fazzi, Elisa; Micheletti, Serena

doi:10.1111/dmcn.14497

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Even though an etiological and radiological analysis goes beyond the purpose of this paper, these results may have interesting implications for the clinical management and follow-up of these children. Indeed, ‘at risk’ children who are already under clinical follow-up would benefit from early CVI screening, requiring attention to medical history and clinical characteristics such as VI in absence of an ocular problem of such entity to justify a functional deficit [ 1 , 4 , 10 , 17 ]. Children above 3 years of age would also benefit from screening tools such as specific questionnaires [ 10 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Morelli

Aprile²,

Martolini³

et al. 2022

Children

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Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) has become the leading cause of children’s visual impairment in developed countries. Since CVI may negatively affect neuropsychomotor development, an early diagnosis and characterization become fundamental to define effective habilitation approaches. To date, there is a lack of standardized diagnostic methods to assess CVI in children, and the role of visual functions in children’s neuropsychological profiles has been poorly investigated. In the present paper, we aim to describe the clinical and neuropsychological profiles and to investigate the possible effects of visual functions on neuropsychological performance of a cohort of children diagnosed with CVI. Fifty-one children with CVI were included in our retrospective analysis (inclusion criteria: verbal IQ > 70 in Wechsler scales; absence of significant ocular involvement). For each participant, we collected data on neuropsychological assessment (i.e., cognitive, cognitive visual, and learning abilities), basic visual functions (e.g., Best Corrected Visual Acuity—BCVA, contrast sensitivity, and ocular motor abilities) and global development features (e.g., neurological signs and motor development delay) based on standardized tests, according to patients’ ages. The results showed that oculomotor dysfunction involving saccades and smooth pursuit may be a core symptom of CVI and might have a significant impact on cognitive visual and other neuropsychological abilities. Furthermore, visual acuity and contrast sensitivity may influence cognitive, cognitive visual, and academic performances. Our findings suggest the importance of a comprehensive assessment of both visual and neuropsychological functions in children when CVI is suspected, which is needed to provide a more comprehensive functional profile and define the best habilitation strategy to sustain functional vision.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is considerable consensus on the necessity to identify CVI early, since its prompt diagnosis and characterization are fundamental to define the best treatment [ 11 , 14 , 17 ]. Previous works have pointed out the necessity of a classification of CVI subtypes based on visual function [ 1 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Morelli

Aprile²,

Martolini³

et al. 2022

Children

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“…As one of the most common causes of visual impairment of cortical origin, cerebral visual impairment (CVI) can result from early brain damage, including a potentially large panel of correlated deficits beyond vision due to damages of the dorsal stream, the ventral stream, or both (Bennett et al, 2020). Behaviorally, it is possible to detect CVI by means of dedicated questionnaires (Gorrie et al, 2019;Fazzi and Micheletti, 2020). At the neural level, a relatively early detection of CVI is based on the analysis of visual evoked potentials which, already at 6 months of age, can appear abnormal and therefore suggest the presence of CVI (Mercuri et al, 1997b), further depending on the size (Mercuri et al, 1998) and location (Mercuri et al, 1997a) of the brain lesion.…”

Section: Cerebral Visual Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Neuropsychology in Development: Anatomo-Functional Brain Mechanisms of Action/Perception Binding in Health and Disease

Ionta

2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Vision is the main entrance for environmental input to the human brain. Even if vision is our most used sensory modality, its importance is not limited to environmental exploration. Rather it has strong links to motor competences, further extending to cognitive and social aspects of human life. These multifaceted relationships are particularly important in developmental age and become dramatically evident in presence of complex deficits originating from visual aberrancies. The present review summarizes the available neuropsychological evidence on the development of visual competences, with a particular focus on the associated visuo-motor integration skills in health and disease. With the aim of supporting future research and interventional settings, the goal of the present review is to constitute a solid base to help the translation of neuropsychological hypotheses into straightforward empirical investigations and rehabilitation/training protocols. This approach will further increase the impact, ameliorate the acceptance, and ease the use and implementation of lab-derived intervention protocols in real-life situations.

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“…Their results showed CVI remains a clinical diagnosis and their question inventory should only be used to identify “symptoms” associated with CVI. Several other questionnaires and modifications of the questionnaires have been developed and utilized to detect HVFDs in children with CVI ( Ortibus et al, 2011 ; van Genderen et al, 2012 ; Geldof et al, 2015 ; Salavati et al, 2017 ; Ben Itzhak et al, 2019 ; Gorrie et al, 2019 ; Fazzi and Micheletti, 2020 , and for a recent review see McConnell et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Visual Function Deficits in Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment and Good Visual Acuity

Chandna

Ghahghaei

Foster

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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In clinical practice Cerebral Visual Impairment (CVI) is typically diagnosed by observation of abnormal visually guided behaviors which indicate higher visual function deficits (HVFDs) suggesting abnormal brain development or brain damage in a child with a suitable clinical history. HVFDs can occur even in the presence of good visual acuity and may remain undiagnosed because the good visual acuity does not prompt further investigation. This leads to a lack of understanding of the child’s visual perceptual difficulties. In a prospective study, we determined the spectrum of HVFDs in a group of children with history suggestive of brain damage or disruption of brain development and an independent diagnosis of CVI in comparison with typically developing children with a structured 51 question inventory, the Higher Visual Function Question Inventory (HVFQI-51) adapted from the Cerebral Vision Impairment Inventory, CVI-I. Here, we show that the HVFQI-51 can detect a range of HVFDs in children with CVI with good visual acuity and clearly distinguishes these children from typically developing children. HVFDs in our study group could mostly be attributed to dorsal stream visual processing dysfunction though the spectrum varied between children. We report on the inclusion of the “not applicable” response option in analysis providing a picture of HVFDs more in tune with the overall disability of each child. We also propose a subset of 11 questions (Top-11) which discriminate between children with CVI vs. behaviors seen in typical children: this provides both a potential screening tool for initial assessment of HVFDs and a measure of CVI-related impairment, and needs further validation in a secondary independent sample.

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Questionnaires as screening tools for children with cerebral visual impairment

Abstract: This commentary is on the original article by Ben Itzhak et al. on pages 969–976 of this issue.

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Visual Function and Neuropsychological Profile in Children with Cerebral Visual Impairment

Visual Neuropsychology in Development: Anatomo-Functional Brain Mechanisms of Action/Perception Binding in Health and Disease

Higher Visual Function Deficits in Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment and Good Visual Acuity

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