Questionnaire Development to Predict Mammography Intention Among Women in Southeastern Louisiana

Abstract

This article summarizes the development and psychometric analysis of the Thoughts About Mammography (TAM) questionnaire to predict mammography intention using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Key themes, obtained from elicitation interviews (N = 45), were categorized, ranked and extracted for item construction. Initial pilot testing supported test-retest reliability (alpha = .85 to .97), internal consistency (alpha = .67 to .91), and content validity (0.86-1.00). After pilot testing, the TAM was administered to 302 rural women in southeastern (SE) Louisiana. The instrument was internally consistent (alpha = 0.77 to 0.92), construct valid (alpha = .18 to .64), and predicted 24% of the variance of mammography intention. The TAM adequately demonstrated reliability and validity to measure mammography intention in rural southeastern Louisiana women.

Factors Affecting Cancer Screening Intention and Behavior of the Korean Elderly

“…In a study by Halm et al (2007) on gastric cancer, behavioral attitudes showed a significant influence, whereas subjective norms did not. Similarly, in studies by Steele et al (2005) on breast cancer and Berglund et al (2005) on prostate cancer, behavioral attitudes showed a significant influence. Conversely, Tolma et al (2006) showed that behavioral attitudes were not statistically significant.…”

Personal Background and Cognitive Factors as Predictors of the Intention to be Screened for Stomach Cancer

“…Montano et al (11) confirmed a significant correlation between previous experience with breast cancer screening and intention. Steele and Porche et al (14) reported that people who had experience with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to screen for prostate cancer were likely to have a high intention of requesting a PSA test in the future. An awareness of the screening cost negatively influenced the intention when screening was not available free of charge or for a copayment.…”

“…Causality cannot be determined with cross-sectional survey data and future prospective studies will need to confirm the associations reported here. Most studies using the theory of planned behavior model to assess screening behavior have simultaneously surveyed cognitive factors and intention, and then checked behavior (8,9,12,14). We need to do a further study to confirm that the intention to receive stomach cancer screening influences the behavior.…”

“…Questionnaire items to measure attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention were developed using a direct measurement method (14,16,18). In addition, sociodemographic variables, the economic burden of screening, previous experience with stomach cancer screening, and the perceived risk for becoming ill with stomach cancer were included in the questionnaire (8,16,21).…”

“…Insight about factors that facilitate or impede participation in the stomach cancer screening program may be helpful in improving participation rates. Most studies conducted in other countries have focused on participation in breast (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) or prostate cancer (16,17) screening programs, which is one reason that these two cancers are the most frequently diagnosed in both women and men. Given that stomach cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Korea, this study focused on the intention to receive stomach cancer screening.…”