Questioning REDD+ and the future of market‐based conservation

Fletcher, Robert; Dressler, Wolfram; Büscher, Bram; Anderson, Zachary

doi:10.1111/cobi.12680

Cited by 164 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…is their profit in the second without contracting the electricity producer in the first period, andp is the mean of distribution (12). Expression (14) means keeping all the offsets in the first period, and selling them in the second period at a market price.…”

Section: Modeling Co 2 Price Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 500 REDD+ pilot projects were initiated worldwide in the decade following the United Nations framework convention on climate change (UNFCCC) negotiations [12]. The total global pledge for REDD+ between 2006 and 2014 was estimated at USD 9.8 billion [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total global pledge for REDD+ between 2006 and 2014 was estimated at USD 9.8 billion [11]. Only 10 % of this amount comes from voluntary carbon market with the majority funded by multilateral and bilateral donors (public sector) including the World Bank, the UN REDD initiative, and the Norwegian government [12,29]. The EU and its Member States provided EUR 3 billion in support of REDD+ activities, through a wide range of thematic areas, countries and funding channels [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The EU and its Member States provided EUR 3 billion in support of REDD+ activities, through a wide range of thematic areas, countries and funding channels [11]. Most of this donor funding is intended for development of governing capacity, which is necessary to properly manage REDD+ funding [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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$$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 -intensive power generation and REDD-based emission offsets with a benefit-sharing mechanism

2016

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We propose and explore financial instruments supporting programs for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (FI-REDD). Within a microeconomic framework we model interactions between an electricity producer (EP), electricity consumer (EC), and forest owner (FO). To keep their profit at a maximum, the EP responds to increasing CO 2 prices by adjusting electricity quantities generated by different technologies and charging a higher electricity price to the EC. The EP can prepare for future high (uncertain) CO 2 prices by employing FI-REDD: they can purchase an amount of offsets under an unknown future CO 2 price and later, when the CO 2 price is discovered, decide how many of these offsets to use for actually offsetting emissions and sell the rest on the market, sharing the revenue with the FO. FI-REDD allows for optional consumption of emission offsets by the EP (any amount up to the initially contracted volume is allowed), and includes a benefit-sharing mechanism between the EP and FO as it regards unused offsets. The modeling results indicate that FI-REDD might help avoid bankruptcy of CO 2 -intensive producers at high levels of CO 2 prices and therefore serve as a stabilizing mechanism during the transition of energy systems to greener technologies. The analytical results demonstrate the limits for potential market size explained by existing uncertainties. We illustrated that when suppliers and consumers of REDD offsets have asymmetric information on future CO 2 prices, benefit-sharing increases the contracted REDD offsets quantity.

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Section: Modeling Co 2 Price Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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$$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 -intensive power generation and REDD-based emission offsets with a benefit-sharing mechanism

2016

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“…We note that both the ostensibly inclusionary nature of REDD+ design and the failure of its inclusionary visions to translate into reality must be understood partly in terms of the neoliberal provenance of this scheme [6,36,37]. Scholars of neoliberal environmental governance have analysed the participatory and perpetually optimistic framings of neoliberal conservation projects, and their repeated failure to realise such visions [38][39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

REDD+ in West Africa: Politics of Design and Implementation in Ghana and Nigeria

Asiyanbi¹,

Arhin²,

Isyaku³

2016

Preprint

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This paper analyses the design and implementation of REDD+ in the West African region, an important global biodiversity area. Drawing on in-depth interviews, analysis of policy documents and observation of everyday activities, we sought to understand how REDD+ has been designed and implemented in Nigeria and Ghana. We draw on tools from political ecology to examine how, and why REDD+ takes the form it does in these countries. We focus on three key dimensions that emerged as strong areas of common emphasis in our case studies --capacity building, carbon visibility, and property rights. First, we show that, while REDD+ design generally foregrounds an ostensible inclusionary politics, its implementation is driven through various forms of exclusion. This contradictory inclusion-exclusion politics, which is partly emblematic of the neoliberal provenance of the REDD+ policy, is also a contingent reality and a strategy for navigating complexities and pursuing certain interests. Second, we show that though the emergent foci of REDD+ implementation in our case studies align with global REDD+ expectations, they yet manifest as historically and geographically contingent processes that reflect negotiated and contested relations among actors that constitute the specific national circumstance of each country. We conclude by reflecting on the wider implications of these findings for understanding REDD+ implementation more broadly.

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Forests as Social Mirrors: What do Approaches to Forest Management Tell us About Human Social Relations?

Walton

2023

Bulletin Ecologic Soc America

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There is evidence to suggest that the nature of human impact upon forests, measured both quantitatively and qualitatively, tells a story about dominant social paradigms throughout recent history. In this sense, forests are social mirrors. Collectively, we are consuming ecological resources at 1.5 times the rate they can be replenished, while often simplifying or adversely impacting forest ecosystems. At the same time, ecocentric and enlightened self‐interest movements are emerging, manifest in woodland management approaches that embrace multiple values, ecological sensitivity, and traditional ecological knowledge. The evidence therefore shows that contradictory paradigms exist alongside each other, exerting influence over landscapes at shared temporal and spatial scales simultaneously. Consequently, forest management reflects the sociocultural dynamics of a species experiencing cognitive dissonance; responding to human ideals around the need to tread lightly and the contradictory reality of an ever‐increasing economic output.

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Questioning REDD+ and the future of market‐based conservation

Cited by 164 publications

References 4 publications

$$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 -intensive power generation and REDD-based emission offsets with a benefit-sharing mechanism

$$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 -intensive power generation and REDD-based emission offsets with a benefit-sharing mechanism

REDD+ in West Africa: Politics of Design and Implementation in Ghana and Nigeria

Forests as Social Mirrors: What do Approaches to Forest Management Tell us About Human Social Relations?

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