Questioning carbonate diagenetic paradigms: evidence from the Neogene of the Bahamas

Melim, Leslie A.; Westphal, Hildegard; Swart, Peter K.; Eberli, Gregor P.; Munnecke, Axel

doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(01)00289-4

Cited by 231 publications

(162 citation statements)

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“…These notions were fuelled by an over-representative focus on Pleistocene carbonate platforms (e.g., the Bahamas) and their associated diagenetic stabilization under the influence of glacial-interglacial-induced sea level fluctuations (James and Choquette, 1983). However, this mechanism is less relevant for rock lithified under greenhouse conditions when sea level changes are dampened (Bathurst, 1993;Munnecke and Samtleben, 1996;Melim et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, carbonate rock alteration is driven by marine-derived fluids that evolved through interaction with precursor sediments and ambient chemical conditions (Munnecke and Samtleben, 1996;Melim et al, 2002). Foremost, the reactive and biologically active upper section of the sediment column can be envisioned as leaving an imprint on carbonate chemistry, including the carbon isotope composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Foremost, the reactive and biologically active upper section of the sediment column can be envisioned as leaving an imprint on carbonate chemistry, including the carbon isotope composition. This carbon isotope signal will be retained in postdepositional carbonate cements and is controlled by organic carbon (OC) fluxes, pH, alkalinity and the nature of the (sub-)sea-floor microbial communities (Melim et al, 2002;Reitner et al, 2005;Wacey et al, 2007;Birgel et al, 2015;Schobben et al, 2016;Zhao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Bulk-carbonate carbon isotope ratios are a widely applied proxy for investigating the ancient biogeochemical carbon cycle. Temporal carbon isotope trends serve as a prime stratigraphic tool, with the inherent assumption that bulk micritic carbonate rock is a faithful geochemical recorder of the isotopic composition of seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. However, bulk-carbonate rock is also prone to incorporate diagenetic signals. The aim of the present study is to disentangle primary trends from diagenetic signals in carbon isotope records which traverse the Permian-Triassic boundary in the marine carbonate-bearing sequences of Iran and South China. By pooling newly produced and published carbon isotope data, we confirm that a global first-order trend towards depleted values exists. However, a large amount of scatter is superimposed on this geochemical record. In addition, we observe a temporal trend in the amplitude of this residual δ 13 C variability, which is reproducible for the two studied regions. We suggest that (sub-)sea-floor microbial communities and their control on calcite nucleation and ambient porewater dissolved inorganic carbon δ 13 C pose a viable mechanism to induce bulk-rock δ 13 C variability. Numerical model calculations highlight that early diagenetic carbonate rock stabilization and linked carbon isotope alteration can be controlled by organic matter supply and subsequent microbial remineralization. A major biotic decline among Late Permian bottom-dwelling organisms facilitated a spatial increase in heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation. Combined with low marine sulfate, this resulted in varying degrees of carbon isotope overprinting. A simulated time series suggests that a 50 % increase in the spatial scatter of organic carbon relative to the average, in addition to an imposed increase in the likelihood of sampling cements formed by microbial calcite nucleation to 1 out of 10 samples, is sufficient to induce the observed signal of carbon isotope variability. These findings put constraints on the application of Permian-Triassic carbon isotope chemostratigraphy based on whole-rock samples, which appears less refined than classical biozonation dating schemes. On the other hand, this signal of increased carbon isotope variability concurrent with the largest mass extinction of the Phanerozoic may proPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

et al. 2017

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“…How ever, such stud ies have en coun tered many dif fi cul ties in rec og niz ing the fea tures and es tab lish the im pact of me te oric diagenesis from petrographic ev i dence solely. There fore, recent stud ies (e.g., Melim et al, 2002;Heba et al, 2009;Swart, 2015) have sug gested in te gra tion be tween petrographic data and sta ble ox y gen and car bon iso topes, in con junc tion with trace el e men tal anal y sis (Fe, Mn, Sr, Na) of the bulk car bon ate sam ples can be used to de ci pher the pres ence of me te oric diagenesis realm in an cient car bon ate se quences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sev eral stud ies on car bon and ox y gen iso to pic sig na tures have been con ducted, par tic u larly on Ho lo cene car bon ate depos its (Gross, 1964;Land and Ep stein, 1970;Allan and Matthews, 1977;Videtich, 1982;Melim et al, 2002). These stud ies have shown that the ox y gen iso to pic com po si tion of these calcitised me te oric ce ments is in vari ant that may re flect a nar row range of both rain wa ter sig na ture and tem per a ture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical signatures of pervasive meteoric diagenesis of Early Miocene syn-rift carbonate platform, Red Sea, NW Saudi Arabia

Al‐Ramadan

2016

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Al-Ramadan, K., 2017. Geo chem i cal sig na tures of per va sive me te oric diagenesis of Early Mio cene syn-rift car bon ate platform, Red Sea, NW Saudi Ara bia. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 61 (1): 239-250, doi: 10.7306/gq.1334 Dif fer ent diagenetic en vi ron ments have been rec og nized in the Early Mio cene car bon ate plat form of Musayr For ma tion in the Red Sea rift area. Early ma rine diagenesis in cludes micritisation that oc curs as thin en ve lope around skel e tal and non-skel etal grains in low-en ergy mud dom i nated fa cies and isopachous fi brous cal cite in high-en ergy grain-dom i nated fa cies. Per vasive me te oric wa ter diagenesis re sulted in ce men ta tion of the car bon ates by coarse-crys tal line blocky-drusy cal cite and me nis cus ce ments. De ple tion of ox y gen (avg. -9.08‰), car bon (avg. -1.6‰) iso topes and trace el e ments con cen tra tions (avg. val ues of Fe: 1387 ppm; Mn: 1444 ppm; Sr: 419 ppm; Na: 1194 ppm) in con junc tion with neg a tive cor re la tion be tween Mn 2+ and ox y gen iso tope data sug gest vari able de grees of fluid-rock in ter ac tions and per va sive me te oric diagenesis. The for ma tion of me te oric diagenesis in the Musayr For ma tion can be ex plained by two sub se quent mech a nisms: (1) the presence of me te oric lenses dur ing the time of de po si tion might have been as so ci ated with ac tive fresh wa ter in put from the hinter land (NE) due to fall in the rel a tive sea level; (2) later up lift ep i sode dur ing Plio-Pleis to cene may have also con trib uted to the per va sive me te oric diagenetic al ter ations of the car bon ates of the Musayr For ma tion. The first mech a nism is sup ported by the ce ment stra tig ra phy where the blocky-drusy ce ments post date the me nis cus ce ment. The lat ter mech a nism seems to have more pro nounced ef fect on the al ter ation of Musayr car bon ate se quence by ob serv ing the occurence of late ce ments such as blocky cal cite in most of the sam ples. The im pact of me te oric diagenesis on the stud ied sam ples sug gest that dis solu tion is less se vere than ce men ta tion, hence the vis i ble po ros ity is very low. Un der stand ing the tim ing of me te oric diagenesis pro vides use ful in for ma tion about the res er voir qual ity dis tri bu tion in syn-rift car bon ate se quences.

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Reactive Transport Modeling and Reservoir Quality Prediction

Xiao

Jones

2018

Reactive Transport Modeling

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Questioning carbonate diagenetic paradigms: evidence from the Neogene of the Bahamas

Cited by 231 publications

References 70 publications

Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

Latest Permian carbonate carbon isotope variability traces heterogeneous organic carbon accumulation and authigenic carbonate formation

Geochemical signatures of pervasive meteoric diagenesis of Early Miocene syn-rift carbonate platform, Red Sea, NW Saudi Arabia

Reactive Transport Modeling and Reservoir Quality Prediction

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