Questioning authority: new perspectives on Milgram's ‘obedience’ research and its implications for intergroup relations

Haslam, S. Alexander; Reicher, Stephen; Birney, Megan E.

doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.03.007

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The conformity behaviours displayed in the classic Milgram paradigm have been considered as harmful from an ethical viewpoint, placing the participant/teacher in the uncomfortable situation of inducing (ostensible) harm to the innocent learner. When reinterpreting the original Milgram conformity findings, social identification has been proposed to play a key moderating role in predicting participants' levels of obedient harmdoing (e.g., Haslam, Reicher, & Birney, ; Reicher, Haslam, & Smith, ). These novel data further confirmed that the more people (i.e., both social psychology experts and non‐experts) perceived that the variant of Milgram's experiment directly promotes identification with the experimenter and with the scientific community (e.g., the variant where the learner gives remote feedback/is difficult to hear), the more they tended to estimate that the actual participants in Milgram's study would obey the experimenter and induce harm to the learner.…”

Section: Towards An Integrative Model Of the Internalisation Of Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, group norms become enacted by individuals especially when individuals identify with the group. In this view, social identity is seen as a pathway through which social norms become internalised and identification with the group initiates the process of internalisation (see also Crandall, Eshleman, & O'Brien, 2002 identification has been proposed to play a key moderating role in predicting participants' levels of obedient harmdoing (e.g., Haslam, Reicher, & Birney, 2016;Reicher, Haslam, & Smith, 2012).…”

Section: High Social Identification With a Group That Endorses Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bringing together humanistic and intergroup perspectives to build a model of internalisation of normative social harmdoing

Amiot

Lizzio‐Wilson

Thomas

et al. 2020

Euro J Social Psych

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This article introduces a model of the internalisation of normative social harmdoing: the MINSOH. This model seeks to explain how group members internalise harmful social norms such that they personally endorse their groups' normative actions. To this aim, the MINSOH integrates two divergent yet complementary theoretical perspectives: self‐determination theory and the social identity approach. These perspectives differ in their basic assumptions about the possibility for harm to become internalised, yet when integrated, they provide a powerful account of how harmdoing can become internalised. The MINSOH proposes specific conditions under which harmful normative actions become accepted by group members. This article outlines multiple self‐determined motivations for harmdoing and discrete group processes that enable harmdoing to be internalised and autonomously enacted, and reviews factors that facilitate (i.e., strong/unique/comparative social identification; endorsement of ideological justifications) and block the internalisation process (presence of multiple identities/diverging norms; inclusive superordinate identity). Directions for future research are then discussed.

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Section: Towards An Integrative Model Of the Internalisation Of Intermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High Social Identification With a Group That Endorses Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing together humanistic and intergroup perspectives to build a model of internalisation of normative social harmdoing

Amiot

Lizzio‐Wilson

Thomas

et al. 2020

Euro J Social Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…84 The prods played an important role in the diffusion of responsibility. 85 Burger noted: 'Milgram created a situation in which his participants could easily deny or diffuse responsibility for hurting the learner.' 86 Burger did further research and concluded:…”

Section: Organizational Setting and Diffusion Of Responsibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Milgram Revisited: Can We still Use Milgram’s ‘Obedience to Authority’ Experiments to Explain Mass Atrocities after the Opening of the Archives? Review Essay

Smeulers

2020

Journal of Perpetrator Research

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Milgram Psychology Experiments. The aim of this review essay is to assess to what extent the opening of the archives and these publications shed new light on Milgram's experiments. The essay provides some information on Milgram and the experiment. It considers the initial criticism relating to the ethical dimension of Milgram's studies (section 2) and then focuses on what was revealed after the opening of the archives (section 3). In section 4, the main question addressed is whether Milgram's experiments are in fact about obedience, while section 5 asks whether Milgram's experiment can explain the Holocaust and other genocides.

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“…Similarly, Zimbardo's famous prison study showed that, when asked to fill in the role of a "prison guard" under the instruction of a warden (mandating brutality), psychologically healthy students would abuse their "prisoners" in increasingly creative ways (Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo, 1972). These studies have been extensively critiqued in recent years (see note at the end of this chapter below for more information; Haslam & Reicher, 2012a;Haslam, Reicher, & Birney, 2016;Reicher & Haslam, 2006;Reicher & Haslam, 2011). However, at the time, they appeared to demonstrate that social influence from an authority appeared to be almost limitless.…”

Section: Social Psychological Approaches To Understanding Human Behavmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Social Clinical Perspective on Perfectionism in Disordered Eating Behaviour

Bouguettaya¹

2019

Preprint

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All over Australia, disordered eating rates are increasing. Decades of research have indicated that perfectionism is a key risk factor for disordered eating behaviour. While there remains some debate about the specific facets of perfectionism, there is general agreement that perfectionism can be delineated based on the perceived source: self-oriented perfectionism (i.e., “I must be perfect”) and socially prescribed perfectionism (i.e., “They require me to be perfect”). Conceptually, this overlaps with social psychology. Specifically, this mirrors traditional social identity approaches of how individuals integrate personal identity content with social identity content. However, to date no research has used a social psychological approach to understand how perfectionism comes about, how it may lead to disordered eating behaviour, and thereby imply how social psychology could aid in therapeutic approaches to reduce perfectionism. In this thesis, I argue that self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism are analogous to personal identity content and social identity content. Across five papers, I present evidence for this social identity approach to perfectionism in disordered eating. Firstly, I present the Consolidated Perfectionism Model to explain how self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism can be considered from a social identity perspective, integrating cross cultural, clinical, and sociocultural perspectives on perfectionism in disordered eating. Secondly, I present qualitative evidence suggesting that self-oriented perfectionism is absorbed through intrapersonal factors, and socially prescribed perfectionism is in fact a self-control norm transmitted through “fat talk.” Third, through two correlational studies, we find that perfectionism pressure does appear to relate to thin ideal beliefs, but in another study, low self-control was related to disordered eating above body dissatisfaction. Fourthly, I present data that suggests socially prescribed perfectionism relates to disordered eating through negative urgency (a facet of self-control), indicating that disordered eating behaviour is driven by a negative reaction to socially prescribed perfectionism norms present within the immediate social environment. Fifth and finally, I present evidence that we can reduce socially prescribed perfectionism by manipulating the context of health messages to counter perfectionism. We conclude by discussing how this new perspective can add to therapies designed to reduce perfectionism. This thesis adds to social psychological theory by further presenting evidence that the social identity approach has utility in changing toxic group-based beliefs. However, it also has implications for clinical psychology, by presenting evidence that the use of explicit social psychological frameworks may add to traditional clinicalapproaches. Overall, this thesis presents strong evidence for the use of social psychology approaches to clinical disorders, especially in disordered eating.

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Questioning authority: new perspectives on Milgram's ‘obedience’ research and its implications for intergroup relations

Cited by 24 publications

References 34 publications

Bringing together humanistic and intergroup perspectives to build a model of internalisation of normative social harmdoing

Bringing together humanistic and intergroup perspectives to build a model of internalisation of normative social harmdoing

Milgram Revisited: Can We still Use Milgram’s ‘Obedience to Authority’ Experiments to Explain Mass Atrocities after the Opening of the Archives? Review Essay

A Social Clinical Perspective on Perfectionism in Disordered Eating Behaviour

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