“…Several papers (Ballesteros & Croft, 1996, 1997; David, 1996; David & Dunning, 1995; Dumais, Littman, & Landauer, 1997; Hull & Grefenstette, 1996; Landauer & Littman, 1990), which may be categorized into dictionary‐based, corpus‐based, and hybrid‐based approaches, have made proposals to deal with query translation. The dictionary‐based approach uses a bilingual dictionary to select the target terms for source queries.…”