Quercus robur L. (Pedunculate Oak)

Manzanera, J. A.; Bueno, M. A.; Pardos, J.A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10617-4_19

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Zygotic embryos cultured on modified WPM supplemented with 0.5-5.0 lM BA and 2.5-10.0 lM 2,4-D developed somatic embryos in Q. petraea (Jörgensen 1993). Similarly, 2,4-D and BA were used to initiate somatic embryos from immature and mature zygotic embryos in other Quercus species (Hübner et al 1995;Manzanera et al 1996;Endemann and Wilhelm 1999). Kim et al (1994) reported that the addition of 4.4 lM BA was beneficial to induce embryogenic callus using immature embryo explants of Q. acutissima, however our study revealed that BA was not essential to induce embryogenic callus in Q. rubra.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

Vengadesan

Pijut

2009

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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A somatic embryogenesis protocol for plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) was established from immature cotyledon explants. Embryogenic callus cultures were induced on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) containing 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel TM , and various concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) after 4 weeks of culture in darkness. A higher response (66%) of embryogenic callus was induced on 0.45 lM 2,4-D. Higher numbers of globular-(31), heart-(17), torpedo-(12), and cotyledon-stage (8) embryos per explant were obtained by culturing embryogenic callus on MS with 3% sucrose, 0.24% Phytagel TM , and devoid of growth regulators after 8 weeks culture in darkness. Continuous sub-culturing of embryogenic callus on medium containing 2,4-D yielded only compact callus. Desiccation of embryos for 3 days in darkness at 25 ± 2°C followed by cold storage at 4°C in darkness for 8 weeks favored embryo germination and development of plantlets. Cotyledon-stage embryos subjected to desiccation and chilling treatment cultured on MS with 3% sucrose, 0.24 Phytagel TM , 0.44 lM 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), and 0.29 lM gibberellic acid germinated at a higher frequency (61%) than with 0.44 lM BA alone and control cultures. Germinated plantlets developed a shoot and root, were acclimatized successfully, and maintained in a growth room for plantlet development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

Vengadesan

Pijut

2009

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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“…In oaks, induction of the embryogenic process from juvenile explants is generally not problematic, although induction with explants other than mature or immature zygotic embryos is much less efficient. Studies on somatic embryogenesis in different species of the genus Quercus, mostly induced from juvenile material, have been summarized in different reviews (Chalupa 1995;Manzanera et al 1996;Wilhelm 2000), but even since the last date, further progress has been reported in different oak species (Table 2).…”

Section: Somatic Embryogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of biotechnological tools to Quercus improvement

et al. 2011

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The genus Quercus, which belongs to the family Fagaceae, is native to the northern hemisphere and includes deciduous and evergreen species. The trees of the different species are very important from both economic and ecological perspectives. Application of new technological approaches (which span the fields of plant developmental biology, genetic transformation, conservation of elite germplasm and discovery of genes associated with complex multigenic traits) to these long-rotation hardwoods may be of interest for accelerating tree improvement programs. This review provides a summary of the advances made in the application of biotechnological tools to specific oak species. Significant progress has been made in the area of clonal propagation via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis (SE). Standardized procedures have been developed for micropropagating the most important European (Q. robur, Q. petarea, Q. suber) and American (Q. alba, Q. bicolor, Q. rubra) oaks by axillary shoot growth. Although regenerated plantlets are grown in experimental trials, large-scale propagation of oak species has not been carried out. The induction of SE in oaks from juvenile explants is generally not problematic, although the use of explants other than zygotic embryos is much less efficient. During the last decade, enormous advances have been made in inducing SE from selected adult trees, mainly specimens of pedunculate oak (Q. robur) and cork oak (Q. suber). Advances in the understanding of the maturation and germination steps are required for better use of embryogenic process in clonal forestry. Quercus species are late-maturing and late-flowering, exhibit irregular seed set, and produce seeds that are recalcitrant to storage by conventional procedures. Vitrification-based cryopreservation techniques were used successfully in somatic embryos of pedunculate oak and cork oak, and an applied genbank of cork oak selected genotypes is now under development. The feasibility of genetic transformation of pedunculate oak and cork oak somatic embryos by means of co-culture techniques with several strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has also been demonstrated. To date, most research on the genomics of Quercus species has concerned population genetics. Approaches using functional genomics to examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control organogenesis and or somatic embryogenesis are still scarce, and efforts on the isolation and characterization of genes related to other specific traits should be intensified in the near future, as this would help improve the practical application of clonal forestry in recalcitrant species such as oaks.

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“…bioreactors) and for direct delivery to the greenhouse or field as artificial seeds. Since the last reviews from Chalupa (1995) and Manzanera et al (1996), progress has been achieved especially in the initiation of SE from mature tissue and a general improvement of the conversion and germination capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis in oak (Quercus spp.)

Wilhelm

2000

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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The present review summarizes the factors involved in controlling the process of oak somatic embryogenesis as a method for vegetative plant propagation and includes also data on artificial seed production, cryopreservation and transformation. One major limitation, the inability to initiate embryogenic cultures from mature trees, has been recently overcome. Leaves from selected cork oak trees with an age of 50 yr and more have been used to initiate somatic embryogenesis (SE) with a frequency of up to 20%. These findings offer encouraging prospects for cloning proven superior plant material and to integrate this propagation system into tree improvement programs. Once the process of SE has been initiated, the multiplication cycle proceeds via secondary embryogenesis, which can be maintained indefinitely. Problems are reported by the formation of anomalous embryos. The mutability of somatic embryogenic cell lines of various oak species has been monitored by flow cytometry and molecular markers. No somaclonal variation was detected applying random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) or amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, whereas DNAcontent measurements via flow cytometry revealed tetraploidy in some cell lines after several years of continuous subculture. Maturation and low germination frequencies are the main bottlenecks for a broader use of this technique. Recently attention has been on embryo quality and parameters for conversion capacity such as high endogenous cytokinin level and low abscisic acid (ABA) level. Although oak is probably the species that is the most well-developed system for a broadleaved forest tree, data on growth performances of somatic embryo-derived plants are rare.

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Quercus robur L. (Pedunculate Oak)

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.)

Application of biotechnological tools to Quercus improvement

Somatic embryogenesis in oak (Quercus spp.)

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