Quenching and Hot Isostatic Pressing of Additively Manufactured Tool Steel

Maistro, Giulio; Oikonomou, Christos; Hosseini, Seyed; Brorson, Sofia

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3785874

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Particularly for tool steels, beneficial as well as detrimental effects resulting from integrated HIP heat-treatment can be anticipated: Retarding effects on diffusion controlled formation of soft phases would result in a beneficial increase of hardenability. In contrast, stabilization of the fcc phase against a diffusionless transformation to martensite may result in higher amounts of undesirable and soft retained austenite [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Martensite Transformation in Tool Steels under Isostatic Pressure–Implementation of In-Situ Electrical Resistivity Measurements into a Hot Isostatic Press with Rapid Quenching Technology

Kramer

Deng

Lentz

et al. 2022

Metals

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Powder metallurgical (PM) parts usually benefit from more homogenous and finer microstructures as opposed to conventionally processed material. In particular, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) combined with near-net-shape technologies can produce almost defect free PM tools with complex geometries. Recent advances in the plant technology of smaller HIP units allow the integration of hardening heat treatments in HIP processes. Thus, additional processing steps, transportation, energy consumption and cost are reduced. However, it is known that high pressure influences phase stability and transformation temperatures. Still, knowledge of the martensite start temperature (MS) is crucial for the design of hardening heat treatment. Since the influence of pressure on MS in HIP heat treatment is insufficiently investigated, it is the aim of this study to deploy a measurement method that allows to record MS as a function of pressure, temperature and cooling rate. Taking the hot working tool steel AISI H11 (X37CrMoV5-1, 1.2343) as the reference material, in this study for the first time the method of an in-situ electrical resistivity measurement was used to measure MS within a HIP. To investigate the influence of HIP pressure on Ms, resulting microstructures and hardness, specimens were austenitized at a temperature of TAUS = 1050 °C for tAUS = 30 min at pAUS = 25, 50, 100 or 150 MPa. Additionally, the MS temperature of the same material was determined by quenching dilatometry at ambient pressure for comparison purposes. Characterization of microstructures was conducted by scanning electron microscopy while hardness as an important technological property of tool steels was measured according to the Vickers method. Furthermore, the CALPHAD method was used to compute the thermodynamic influence of pressure on phase stabilities. The experimental results indicate that the method of in-situ resistivity measurement can be used to measure MS during an integrated HIP heat-treatment process. Besides, a stabilizing effect of pressure on the close packed crystal structure of the austenitic fcc phase is clearly detected, resulting in a reducing influence on the MS temperature of AISI H11 by up to 90 K.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Martensite Transformation in Tool Steels under Isostatic Pressure–Implementation of In-Situ Electrical Resistivity Measurements into a Hot Isostatic Press with Rapid Quenching Technology

Kramer

Deng

Lentz

et al. 2022

Metals

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Tensile behaviour of a hot work tool steel manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: effect of an innovative high pressure heat treatment

Zanni

Morri

Messieri³

et al. 2023

Procedia Structural Integrity

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Additive Manufacturing of PH 13-8 Mo Family: A Review

Aydin,

Andersson,

Valiente Bermejo

2024

Applied Sciences

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The PH 13-8 Mo family of steels belong to the martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steels (MPHSSs) category, which exhibits a good combination of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers advantages, including reduced material waste and the capability to produce complex, near-net-shape parts. Consequently, the application of AM techniques to the PH 13-8 Mo family is being increasingly explored across various industries. This review paper presents the existing literature on the topic and provides an overview. The review starts by presenting information about the PH 13-8 Mo family, including microstructure, chemical compositions, heat treatments, and mechanical properties. Afterwards, the work focuses on presenting the microstructure and resulting properties of PH 13-8 Mo family processed by three different additive manufacturing processes: Powder Bed Fusion using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB), Directed Energy Deposition using an Electric Arc (DED-Arc), and Directed Energy Deposition using a Laser Beam (DED-LB), both in their as-built condition and following post-processing heat treatments. The review concludes with a summary and outlook that highlights existing knowledge gaps and underscores the need for further research to tailor the microstructural evolution and enhance the properties. The findings indicate that AM of the PH 13-8 Mo family has the potential for industrial applications, yet further studies are necessary to optimize its performance.

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Quenching and Hot Isostatic Pressing of Additively Manufactured Tool Steel

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Martensite Transformation in Tool Steels under Isostatic Pressure–Implementation of In-Situ Electrical Resistivity Measurements into a Hot Isostatic Press with Rapid Quenching Technology

Martensite Transformation in Tool Steels under Isostatic Pressure–Implementation of In-Situ Electrical Resistivity Measurements into a Hot Isostatic Press with Rapid Quenching Technology

Tensile behaviour of a hot work tool steel manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion: effect of an innovative high pressure heat treatment

Additive Manufacturing of PH 13-8 Mo Family: A Review

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