Quench protection of very large superconducting magnets

Dudarev, A.; Кейлин, В.Е.; Kuroedov, Yu.D.; Konjukhov, A.A.; Vysotsky, V.S.

doi:10.1109/77.402530

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As an alternative to the use of magnet feeders at ambient temperature, 'cold' switches were proposed for the coil sectioning [127]. Their basic properties have been evaluated [128] and some promising materials identified [129]; thus, experimental demonstration should finally be conducted.…”

Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductors for fusion: a roadmap

Mitchell

Zheng

Vorpahl³

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

100

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With the first tokamak designed for full nuclear operation now well into final assembly (ITER), and a major new research tokamak starting commissioning (JT60SA), nuclear fusion is becoming a mainstream potential energy source for the future. A critical part of the viability of magnetic confinement for fusion is superconductor technology. The experience gained and lessons learned in the application of this technology to ITER and JT60SA, together with new and improved superconducting materials, is opening multiple routes to commercial fusion reactors. The objective of this roadmap is, through a series of short articles, to outline some of these routes and the materials/technologies that go with them.

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Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconductors for fusion: a roadmap

Mitchell

Zheng

Vorpahl³

et al. 2021

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

100

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show abstract

“…Superconducting magnet technology has been successfully employed in the construction of electromagnets with high stored energy, up to the GJ range [1]. Such magnets are operated at relatively low current density J, some tens of A/mm 2 , using large amount of stabilizer in the conductor, which is mostly dictated by quench protection requirements [2], and they would even follow E ∼ J −6 scaling if designed as cryostable [3]. Furthermore, sophisticated and redundant quench detection and protection systems are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm⁻² in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding

Bykovskiy

Kaal

Dudarev

et al. 2020

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The no-insulation, or more precisely, controlled-resistance coil winding method, nowadays being exclusively used for high-temperature superconducting solenoids, has proven its effectiveness for improving quench protection. When considering low-temperature superconductor magnet technology, which is mostly focused on stability and training issues, controlled-resistance insulation windings are directly addressing these aspects as well. Fully soldered coil windings of non-insulated turns can also show superior mechanical properties and feature simplified manufacturing when compared to epoxy impregnated coil windings and are of high practical interest for quasi-stationary magnets provided the related charging time constant can be controlled and kept low enough. For demonstrating the principle feasibility two demonstrator coils were developed using NbTi/Cu wire with CuNi cladding of 1 mm diameter. The wire performance is reported including critical current and n-values at 4.2 K and background magnetic fields from 0 to 9 T, as well as effective transverse resistivity at room temperature and 77 K. Two solenoids with fully soldered windings comprising one layer on a 50 mm bore and three layers on a 100 mm bore, respectively, were manufactured and tested in liquid helium. Their performance is directly compared to data obtained on short wire samples. The drastically enhanced stability of the coils against thermal disturbances allows to avoid any training and enables to operate the coils up, or even slightly beyond, the short-sample critical current, resulting in generated magnetic fields of 2.2 and 3.8 T and time constants of 5 and 55 s, respectively. When initiating a quench deliberately by excessive heating or spontaneously at their limiting currents, the coils entirely switch to the normal state almost instantly, thus requiring no quench protection system. Design, manufacturing and test experiences with the two super stable coils are reported and their use and design constraints for certain applications discussed.

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“…Typically, each superconducting coil usually is fitted with two or more heaters which are in close thermal contact to the superconducting coils. A current can be applied to heaters by either active or passive methods when a quench emerges [4], [5]. Using an active method, a DC power is usually connected to the heaters and powers the heaters when the quench detection controller detects a quench starting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Hybrid Protection System for Superconducting MRI Magnets

Chen

Wang

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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In order to reliably protect the superconducting MRI magnets as soon as possible, a hybrid protection system is developed. The protection system, which combines the both merits of active and passive protection schemes, includes a quench detection controller, a protection superconducting switch, a capacitor bank, a strip heaters network and a protection circuitry with back to back diode sets and shunting resistance coils. The quench detection controller is employed to detect the start of a quench and to subsequently switch on the capacitor bank to quench the protection superconducting switch. The shunting current in the coil subdivision flows through the shunting resistance coil also to quench the protection superconducting switch. The voltage across the protection superconducting switch energizes the strip heaters. Once a quench occurs in a magnet, the protection system immediately initiates all superconducting coils to quench. The hybrid protection system is successfully applied to a 1.5 T whole-body MRI magnet. This paper describes the details of the hybrid protection system and presents the quench simulation results.

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Quench protection of very large superconducting magnets

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Superconductors for fusion: a roadmap

Superconductors for fusion: a roadmap

Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm⁻² in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding

Development of a Novel Hybrid Protection System for Superconducting MRI Magnets

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Quench protection of very large superconducting magnets

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Superconductors for fusion: a roadmap

Superconductors for fusion: a roadmap

Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm−2 in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding

Development of a Novel Hybrid Protection System for Superconducting MRI Magnets

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Demonstration of engineering current density exceeding 1 kA mm⁻² in ultra-thin no-insulation, soldered coil windings using NbTi/Cu wires with CuNi cladding