Quench initiation and propagation study (QUIPS) for the SMES-CICC

Luongo, C.A.; Partain, K.D.; Miller, J.R.; Miller, George E.; Heiberger, M.; Langhorn, A.

doi:10.1016/s0011-2275(05)80143-2

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Experimental investigations on the quench characteristics of cable-in-conduit conductors have mostly focused on the stability aspects of LTS and the qualification of the detection methods (see [26][27][28][29][30]). For instance, the quench experiment on long Length (QUELL) experiment in Supraleiter Test Anlage (SULTAN) was an extensive test campaign that allowed the dominant regimes of the normal zone propagation to be revealed, which were strongly affected by the cooling aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of stability, quench propagation and detection methods on 15 kA sub-scale HTS fusion conductors in SULTAN

Bykovskiy

Bajas

Dicuonzo

et al. 2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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High-temperature superconductors (HTS) enable exclusive operating conditions for fusion magnets, boosting their performance up to 20 T generated magnetic fields, in the temperature range from 4 K to 20 K. One of the main technological issues of the HTS conductors is focused on their protection in the case of a thermal runaway (quench). In spite of extremely high thermal stability of HTS materials, quench is still possible due to local defects along the conductor length or insufficient cooling. In such cases, the high stability results in slow propagation of a resistive zone. Thereby, risky hot-spot temperature (>200 K) can be reached, if applying conventional quench detection methods at the voltage threshold of 0.1 – 0.5 V, typical for fusion magnets. Aiming at experimental study of the phenomenon, a series of sub-scale 15 kA 3.6 m long conductors based on stack of tapes soldered in copper profiles are manufactured at Swiss Plasma Center, including twisted ReBCO and BiSCCO triplets, non-twisted and solder-filled ReBCO triplets, as well as indirectly cooled non-twisted ReBCO single strand. Applying either increasing helium inlet temperature, overcurrent operation or energy deposited by embedded cartridge heaters, critical values of the electric field and temperature are evaluated for a given operating current (up to 15 kA) and background magnetic field (up to 10.9 T). Once quench is actually triggered, the quench propagation is studied by distributed voltage taps and temperature sensors able to monitor the external temperature of the jacket and internal one of the conductor (helium or copper). Thanks to the recent upgrade of the SULTAN test facility, quench propagation in the conductors is measured up to the total voltage of 2 V and peak temperature of 320 K. Furthermore, novel quench detection methods based on superconducting insulated wires and fiber optics are also instrumented and studied. Summary of the test samples, their instrumentation and corresponding test results is presented in this work.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study of stability, quench propagation and detection methods on 15 kA sub-scale HTS fusion conductors in SULTAN

Bykovskiy

Bajas

Dicuonzo

et al. 2023

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…The MACQU R&D provides i) the required information in terms of feasibility of quench detection, ii) important information about the design, manufacture and integration of a magnet based on a cable-in-conduit-conductor and iii) a benchmark of the THEA code with respect to experiment on quench in superfluid helium to eventually rely on it for simulating quenches in the MADMAX conductor [3], this latter part is still under investigation and the current status can be found in [4]. The development of a subscale magnet, made of a cable-in-conduit conductor filled with static HeII, to investigate the quench behaviour of a larger magnet, namely the US 20 MWh SMES demonstration unit, was already performed in the past [5] [6]. A two-layer solenoid was manufactured from a 75 m long CICC (with segregated channel) and operated up to 8 kA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, Integration, and Test of the MACQU Demo Coil Toward MADMAX Quench Analysis

Lorin,

Maksoud,

Allard

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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The MADMAX project aims at detecting axion dark matter in the mass range of 100 µeV. To facilitate axion to photon conversion with detectable rate a superconducting dipole magnet with a large bore is needed. The MADMAX dipole magnet has to generate ~9 T in a 1.35 m aperture over ~1.3 m in length. A key challenge for a magnet made of a cable in-conduit conductor (CICC), operating at 1.8 K with an indirect bath cooling is the quench detection. In order to validate feasibility, a mock-up coil with a quench behavior scalable to MADMAX was designed and produced. The paper gives an overview of the technical details of the MACQU test coil. The conductor, the magnet, the busbar and the supporting and cryogenic systems were designed at CEA. The cable was manufactured in China at the Chang Tong INC from WST Nb-Ti strands, the insertion and compaction was achieved in the ASIPP institute with a copper profile from Aurubis. The winding of the coil and the busbar pre-forming were performed at Bilfinger Noell as well as the assembly of the supporting structure and the thermal shield. The magnet was integrated in the JT60 test station at CEA Saclay and extensively tested. The magnet current reached 80% on the loadline instead of 90% as expected at nominal. The limitation is likely coming from uneven current distribution at the extremity of the magnet at the connection box location. Nevertheless, quench tests were successfully performed at constant currents from 10 kA to 17 kA. They proved that the initial quench velocities are of the order of 1 m/s to 10 m/s, high enough to safely detect a voltage drop in MADMAX and discharge the magnet. In addition, a thermo-hydraulic quench back effect was observed in the MACQU coil cooled by superfluid helium.

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Twenty years of cable-in-conduit conductors: 1975–1995

Dresner

1995

J Fusion Energ

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Quench initiation and propagation study (QUIPS) for the SMES-CICC

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Experimental study of stability, quench propagation and detection methods on 15 kA sub-scale HTS fusion conductors in SULTAN

Experimental study of stability, quench propagation and detection methods on 15 kA sub-scale HTS fusion conductors in SULTAN

Development, Integration, and Test of the MACQU Demo Coil Toward MADMAX Quench Analysis

Twenty years of cable-in-conduit conductors: 1975–1995

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