Quench Behavior of Prototype Nb-Ti HL-LHC Dipole Canted Cos-Theta Orbit Corrector Magnets

Woźniak, Mariusz; Ravaioli, Emmanuele; Mangiarotti, Franco; Mentink, Matthias; Kirby, G.; Verweij, Arjan; Xu, Qingjin; Wu, Wei

doi:10.1109/tasc.2022.3167341

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The suddenly developing coil resistance (268 mΩ in zero field and at 10 K, see the end of this section) is of the same order of magnitude as the dump resistor (0.7 Ω). With higher magnet currents the onset of quench-back occurs earlier, in agreement with expectations [38].…”

Section: Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Training-free performance of the wax-impregnated SuShi septum magnet

Barna,

Brunner,

Novák

et al. 2024

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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In the framework of the Future Circular Collider Study a new septum magnet concept, nicknamed ``SuShi'' has been developed, and a prototype was built at Wigner RCP, and tested at the FREIA facility of Uppsala University. The concept uses a canted cosine theta (CCT)-like superconducting magnet and a passive superconducting shield to create a zero-field and high-field region within its aperture. SuShi is the first CCT magnet with both of its winding layers simultaneously impregnated with wax. This paper describes the first powering test of the empty magnet at 4.2 K, without the shield being inserted in its aperture. The performance of the magnet, including the observation of quench-back, estimation of hot-spot temperatures and the fraction of energy dissipated in the formers are presented, and most interestingly the absence of any quench during the entire testing period is reported. Sushi reached its nominal peak field of 3.64 T at 450 A, which corresponds to 76% of the calculated short sample limit along the load line, without training.

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Section: Test Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Training-free performance of the wax-impregnated SuShi septum magnet

Barna,

Brunner,

Novák

et al. 2024

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…1 The geometry of simple cylindrical tubes of formers and shells is also fully parametrized and saved to computer-aided design (CAD) files (e.g., STEP [22]). The sets of CF and CAD files are an intermediate step, which is particularly useful for more complex geometries, e.g., curved CCT [15]. In such cases, these files can be generated by external tools and used in FiQuS.…”

Section: A Finite Element Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach has been recently validated against measurements of the curved CCT Fusillo subscale magnet at CERN [15]. This paper focuses on the simulation approach and uses a small-scale CCT magnet to showcase it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quench Co-Simulation of Canted Cos-Theta Magnets

Wozniak,

Schnaubelt,

Dular

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Canted Cos-Theta (CCT) magnets can use conducting formers in which eddy currents are induced during current change. This is relevant during magnet ramping or discharging after a quench, particularly when using energy extraction. CCT magnets provide substantial flexibility in terms of generating the required field shape, including the combined function field in a curved bore. However, this flexibility results in magnet geometry that often requires three-dimensional (3D) quench simulations. We propose a cooperative simulation (cosimulation) developed at CERN as part of the STEAM framework with finite element (FiQuS) and finite difference (LEDET) tools. It allows for a 3D quench simulation of a CCT magnet with great geometrical detail while maintaining reasonable computational cost. FiQuS simulates the transient electromagnetics of the entire magnet and the transient thermal behavior of the formers. The thin 3D insulation layers between the coil windings and formers are collapsed into two-dimensional surfaces, thus considerably reducing the meshing complexity and solution time. LEDET is used for 3D simulation of a quench transient, including heat diffusion in the windings, ohmic loss, and inter-filament coupling loss. Using the finite difference tool for resolving temperatures in coil windings with many turns greatly improves the simulation efficiency. In the co-simulation communication, data exchange, and convergence is controlled and achieved programmatically. A complete numerical approach is proposed, and the CCT magnet simulation results are presented and discussed.

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“…The focus of this contribution is specifically on magnetostatic simulations of 2D multi-pole magnets. FiQuS is also already able to model 3D CCT magnets in magnetostatic simulations [8]. Successive publications will showcase FiQuS capability of generating bus-bar and solenoid geometries, and simulating transient TH and coupled EM-TH problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Open-Source Finite Element Quench Simulation Tool for Superconducting Magnets

Vitrano

Woźniak

Schnaubelt

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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An open-source Finite Element Quench Simulator (FiQuS) is being developed as part of the STEAM framework following CERN's open science policy [1]. The tool is based solely on open-source software and uses Python to generate geometries and meshes with Gmsh, and compute solutions with GetDP. FiQuS scripts have a modular structure in order to accommodate a broad range of geometries and simulation requirements with the main focus on superconducting accelerator magnets. The tool, at its advanced stage, will be capable of 1D, 2D, and 3D geometry generation of superconducting elements such as bus bars, multi-pole, solenoid, and canted-cos-theta (CCT) magnets. It already has the capability for parametrized mesh control and subsequent model generation of 2D multi-pole and 3D CCT magnets. It will be possible to perform either electromagnetic (EM), thermal (TH), or coupled EM-TH simulations for static or transient analysis. The focus is on aspects related to the powering and quench transients, enabling parametric analyses and co-simulations to support comprehensive quench protection studies.In this contribution, we lay the foundation of FiQuS by presenting its structure and three specific capabilities that represent the basis upon which the future modules will be built. These capabilities showcase the integration of FiQuS with software developed at CERN, at other national laboratories, and within the STEAM framework. The first capability is the integration with the STEAM framework, which enables cooperative simulations with the other tools of the framework, the automatization of multi-step studies, and the Single Source Of Truth (SSOT) practice through the centralization of model and material data. The second capability is the integration with the magnet design software ROXIE via a dedicated input files parser, which seamlessly integrates magnet design details around a single input file. Examples of magnetostatic solutions obtained in FiQuS are shown for the 2D cross-section of LHC magnets based on ROXIE input files. The third capability is the integration with the parametric analysis software Dakota developed by Sandia National Laboratories. An example is shown of multi-objective optimization of the model mesh to minimize the error of the computed magnetic field.

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Quench Behavior of Prototype Nb-Ti HL-LHC Dipole Canted Cos-Theta Orbit Corrector Magnets

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Training-free performance of the wax-impregnated SuShi septum magnet

Training-free performance of the wax-impregnated SuShi septum magnet

Quench Co-Simulation of Canted Cos-Theta Magnets

An Open-Source Finite Element Quench Simulation Tool for Superconducting Magnets

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