Quel che resta della socializzazione lavorativa. Una riflessione sulle politiche per l'occupazione giovanile in Italia

A Case Study Analysis of the Youth Guarantee Scheme Implementation in Italy (Lombardy Region)

“…Although opting for digital implementation can be seen as a policy intention to facilitate provision of information to larger audiences, it could also be argued that a number of young people in more vulnerable communities may need more directed support (outreach activities) to demonstrate a proactive approach in search of employment/training. Lodigiani and Santagati (2016) highlight the limitation of the YG in accessing the most vulnerable young people, since only 15 per cent of those registered in the scheme present high social disadvantage. This failure to reach more vulnerable young people indicates that the scheme can be more successful in mobilizing already active young people or those capable of making use of existing resources (Vesan, 2015a).…”

“…For Coletto (2014) and Coletto and Guglielmi (2014), the Italian administrative reforms of the late 1990s have profoundly affected the function, structure and nature of employment services by introducing the principles of activation, employability and human capital, as evidenced in a shift towards incentivizing the provision of benefits and individualizing social protection. During this process, the unemployed young person is seen as the target of activation policies that aim to reduce their passivity and increase individual responsibility (Coletto, 2014) by encouraging active job search and treating employability as a new normative (Lodigiani & Santagati, 2016). Furthermore, lack of clarity regarding the legislative responsibilities of each partner and disparities regarding the efficiency and organizational capacity of local institutions to deliver services generates heterogeneity of practices applied across the different regions, thus reflecting, and often exacerbating, already existing regional inequalities.…”

Italian Youth in International Context

“…Information, orientation, training, internship, social services and support for self-employment exemplify the services offered within the programme. The private and public sector are equally involved in the implementation process: the financial support offered to private partners varies in terms of the occupational outcomes required by the person, with higher contributions for the most problematic cases (Seghezzi, 2016;Lodigiani and Santagati, 2016). The Italian system of integrated e-portals for online use has been indicated by the European Commission as a good model of implementation.…”

“…In fact, the NEET condition is often associated with a series of vulnerabilities, including low education, migration background, disability, difficult family background or structurally weak contextual conditions. This results in a strong disparity among recipients (Cuzzocrea, 2014), which might be at the detriment of an individual initiative when there is insufficient active support for PES in the initial phase (Lodigiani and Santagati, 2016).…”

“…About 70,000 young people were offered jobs within the frame of the Youth Guarantee measure, representing only 10% of the total. Such disproportion between the number of jobs offered and the number of young people willing to enter the Youth Guarantee programme puts a serious question mark on those who are actually employed via the Youth Guarantee, with an inherent risk to incur in Matthew effect employing only the most employable profiles (Lodigiani and Santagati, 2016).…”