Que os parques possam ser a nossa casa - a luta pela recategorização da Estação Ecológica da Juréia-Itatins

Abstract

Let the parks be our homes: the fight for the re-categorization of Ecological Station of Jureia-Itatins The definition of conservation strategies based on the creation and management of protected natural areas has always been influenced by the debate between preservationists and conservationists. Since their beginning the conservation units in Brazil show many changes in posture, especially in the relationship between government agencies and local community. These changes sort from the violent actions in the name of preservation until the participative management of these areas. However, in many cases, local actors find it difficult to exercise effective participation, especially in decision-making process, due to the dominance of the preservationist perspective in the debate. The study area of this research is Juréia Itatins Ecological Station, Integral Protection Conservation Unit, located between the southern coast of São Paulo and Vale do Ribeira, in which there are human populations. These populations are fighting against the preservationist model for more than 20 years; they are trying a recategorization of some areas into Sustainable Development Reserves, which combine human permanence and conservation of natural resources. This research aimed to study the process of the dispute scenery over the implementation of the first Juréia Itatins mosaic, and the articulations that followed its judicial. These articulations were held to create a new mosaic, mainly about social participation in decision making process. The research methods used were: the Situational Analysis, with the arena concept as an axis for data integration. Interviews were also held and participant observation was conducted. It was found that preservationist attitudes still prevail in the decision making process. The consequent non effective involvement of the local stakeholders in the definition of the new mosaic project could perpetuate some conflicts that prevent the real conservation of this area. Conservation units can play a significant role in the context of our society towards the social re-appropriation of nature and the construction of sustainable societies; inter aligning both technical and people knowledge toward a common goal.

Recategorization of Conservation Units in Brazil: A systematic literature review

“…Moreover, another instrument that was notoriously used was the technical study (Griffo & Silva, 2013;Jacaúna, 2018;Ferreira, 2011;Sbroglia & Beltrame, 2012;Sá et al, 2017;Ferreira, 2014;Lopes 2019;Zechner, 2020;Zamadei et al, 2019;Oliveira, 2018;Domingues, 2010;Caldas, 2015;Oliveira, 2015;Duarte, 2012;Barbosa, 2013;Reis, 2018) also stand out in this process.…”

“…Given the above, it is possible to observe that the main highlight is the traditional human occupation (Spamer, 2017;Scalco & Gontijo, 2019;Jacaúna, 2018;Scalco & Gontijo, 2017;Sá et al, 2017;Reis, 2018;Castro et al, 2015;Bim et al, 2017;Fonseca, 2015;Oliveira, 2018;Horovitz, 2016;Bursztyn et al, 2008;Ferreira, 2011;Ferreira, 2014;Sinay et al, 2019Sinay et al, ) et al, 2019Ferreira et al, 2013;Maia, 2011;Martins, 2017;Oliveira, 2018;Silva, 2012;Lima & Silva, 2020;Zamadei et al, 2019;Hartung & Moura, 2011), and it is noteworthy that the studies that highlighted this factor are inserted in the scenario of indigenous lands, 'quilombolas' and 'caiçaras', located mainly in the Amazon region and on the Brazilian coast.…”

Les conflits, freins et leviers pour l’ancrage territorial des aires marines protégées : une analyse comparative internationale

“…La station écologique Juréia-Itatins est créée par décret en 1986, théoriquement sans occupation humaine alors que cet espace est anciennement habité par la communauté caïçara et, plus récemment, par des résidents secondaires. S'enchaînent alors des années de lutte entre les populations et les autorités de gestion, rythmées par des contentieux, des expulsions de populations qualifiées de « non traditionnelles », l'absence d'entretien des routes d'accès à cette zone isolée occupée par près de 2 500 personnes (Pereira et Prado, 2004). Dix-sept années de lutte autour des statuts ont engendré une Mosaïque d'unité de conservation (MUC), avec la création de la Réserve de développement soutenable de Barra de Una, où se concentre la communauté caïçara.…”

Turismo, sustentabilidade e hospitalidade

“…É importante ressaltar que essas áreas consideradas "intocadas", em sua maioria, existiam populações que as habitavam, a exemplo do parque de Yellowstone. Este foi instituído em áreas povoadas por povos indígenas que acabaram sendo expulsos de seus territórios, então, se faz necessário desmistificar a ideia de que essas áreas nunca foram habitadas(FERREIRA, 2011). elas, duas categorias se destacam com finalidade de proteção sociocultural das comunidades tradicionais em seus objetivos, são elas, as reservas extrativistas (RESEX) e as reservas de desenvolvimento sustentável (RDS).No caso em questão, há um histórico de documentos visando à proteção do Rio Cocó, o primeiro destes documentos de acordo com relatório técnico da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente (SEMA) sobre a criação das unidades de conservação do Rio Cocó foi em 29 de janeiro de 1986 por meio de um Decreto Municipal de nº 7302, que estabeleceu a Área de Proteção Ambiental do Vale do Rio Cocó.…”