Quaternized Chitosan-Based Anion Exchange Membrane Composited with Quaternized Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)/Polysulfone Blend

Nhung, Le Thi Tuyet; Kim, In Yea; Yoon, Young Soo

doi:10.3390/polym12112714

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Figure 6a shows the spectrum of the crosslinked ionomer. The signal at 642 cm −1 corresponds to the stretching of C-Cl bond of benzyl chloride moieties that have not reacted during the quaternization reaction, as confirmed by the signal at 1263 cm −1 assigned to CH2Cl wagging vibrations [60]. The peaks at 1504, 1108, 1019 and 820 cm −1 correspond to the asymmetric C-N stretching and bending of the quaternary ammonium groups [61].…”

Section: Infrared Spectra Analysismentioning

confidence: 79%

Aliphatic Anion Exchange Ionomers with Long Spacers and No Ether Links by Ziegler–Natta Polymerization: Properties and Alkaline Stability

et al. 2022

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In this work we report the synthesis of poly(vinylbenzylchloride-co-hexene) copolymer grafted with N,N-dimethylhexylammonium groups to study the effect of an aliphatic backbone without ether linkage on the ionomer properties. The copolymerization was achieved by the Ziegler–Natta method, employing the complex ZrCl4 (THF)2 as a catalyst. A certain degree of crosslinking with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) was introduced with the aim of avoiding excessive swelling in water. The resulting anion exchange polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR, FTIR, TGA, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) measurements. The ionomers showed good alkaline stability; after 72 h of treatment in 2 M KOH at 80 °C the remaining IEC of 76% confirms that ionomers without ether bonds are less sensitive to a SN2 attack and suggests the possibility of their use as a binder in a fuel cell electrode formulation. The ionomers were also blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The water uptake of the blend membranes was around 110% at 25 °C. The ionic conductivity at 25 °C in the OH− form was 29.5 mS/cm.

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Section: Infrared Spectra Analysismentioning

confidence: 79%

Aliphatic Anion Exchange Ionomers with Long Spacers and No Ether Links by Ziegler–Natta Polymerization: Properties and Alkaline Stability

et al. 2022

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“…Therefore, the composite can be used effectively as a cathode catalyst in alkaline fuel cells. Furthermore, the use of the prepared sample as a catholyte in the DUFC was examined [34]. Figure 7 shows the polarization and power density curves of Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT at room temperature.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterization Of Pd/co3o4@mwcntmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The durability will be investigated in long term tests to use in practical applications and large-scale utility for higher catalyst's properties in future researches. Furthermore, the use of the prepared sample as a catholyte in the DUFC was examined [34]. Figure 7 shows the polarization and power density curves of Pd/Co 3 O 4 @MWCNT at room temperature.…”

Section: Electrochemical Characterization Of Pd/co3o4@mwcntmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic Behavior of Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT Composites for Cathodes in Direct Urea Fuel Cells

2021

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Direct urea fuel cells (DUFCs) have recently drawn increased attention as sustainable power generation devices because of their considerable advantages. Nonetheless, the kinetics of the oxidation-reduction reaction, particularly the electrochemical oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), in direct urea fuel cells are slow and hence considered to be inefficient. To overcome these disadvantages in DUFCs, Pd nanoparticles loaded onto Co3O4 supported by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT) were employed as a promising cathode catalyst for enhancing the electrocatalytic activity and oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode in DUFCs. Co3O4@MWCNT and Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT were synthesized via a facile two-step hydrothermal process. A Pd/MWCNT catalyst was also prepared and evaluated to study the effect of Co3O4 on the performance of the Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT catalyst. A current density of 13.963 mA cm−2 and a maximum power density of 2.792 mW cm−2 at 20 °C were obtained. Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT is a prospectively effective cathode catalyst for DUFCs. The dilution of Pd with non-precious metal oxides in adequate amounts is economically conducive to highly practical catalysts with promising electrocatalytic activity in fuel cell applications.

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“…Thus, the polymer electrolyte membrane is one of the vital components of AWE, which is capable of preventing direct contact with the anode and cathode, providing the hydroxide ion conductivity between the electrodes, and separating the generated gases [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, the membrane requires high hydroxide ion conductivity to consume a low voltage per current density and efficient hydrogen production in AWE [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Over the past few years, numerous research groups have been committed to increasing the hydroxide ion conductivity, which has been found as an important electrochemical performance relating to the whole AWE process [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Hydroxide Ion Conductivity Measurement for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Membranes

Lim

Jian

Chun³

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) refers to a representative water electrolysis technology that applies electricity to synthesize hydrogen gas without the production of carbon dioxide. The ideal polymer electrolyte membranes for AWE should be capable of transporting hydroxide ions (OH−) quickly in harsh alkaline environments at increased temperatures. However, there has not yet been any desirable impedance measurement method for estimating hydroxide ions’ conduction behavior across the membranes, since their impedance spectra are significantly affected by connection modes between electrodes and membranes in the test cells and the impedance evaluation environments. Accordingly, the measurement method suitable for obtaining precise hydroxide ion conductivity values through the membranes should be determined. For this purpose, Zirfon®, a state-of-the-art AWE membrane, was adopted as the standard membrane sample to perform the impedance measurement. The impedance spectra were acquired using homemade test cells with different electrode configurations in alkaline environments, and the corresponding hydroxide ion conductivity values were determined based on the electrochemical spectra. Furthermore, a modified four-probe method was found as an optimal measurement method by comparing the conductivity obtained under alkaline conditions.

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Quaternized Chitosan-Based Anion Exchange Membrane Composited with Quaternized Poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)/Polysulfone Blend

Cited by 30 publications

References 51 publications

Aliphatic Anion Exchange Ionomers with Long Spacers and No Ether Links by Ziegler–Natta Polymerization: Properties and Alkaline Stability

Aliphatic Anion Exchange Ionomers with Long Spacers and No Ether Links by Ziegler–Natta Polymerization: Properties and Alkaline Stability

Effect of Co3O4 Nanoparticles on Improving Catalytic Behavior of Pd/Co3O4@MWCNT Composites for Cathodes in Direct Urea Fuel Cells

Importance of Hydroxide Ion Conductivity Measurement for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Membranes

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