“…However, this does not appear to have been the case at the LGM as grassland proxies generally dominate, though phytolith records do suggest some areas that might have had higher tree cover. Half or more of the phytoliths at Iapó River (Kalinovski et al, 2016) around 18,000 BP come from woody plants (though the site's δ 13 C signature is C4-dominated), and some samples from approximately the same time in Campo Erê (Cecchet, 2015) have modest contributions of eudicot and palm phytoliths, though precise ages and identifications are not available in the latter record. Campo Erê is also one of three LGM sites in our study area (with São José dos Ausentes (Pereira, 2017) and Cerro do Touro Watershed (de Oliveira et al, 2008)) whose δ 13 C values indicate a mixture of C3-and C4-photosynthesising vegetation, though only Obera (Zech et al, 2009) and Curucutu (Pessenda et al, 2009), respectively to the west and north of our study area, have C3-majority contributions.…”