Quaternary history of the European roe deer <i>Capreolus capreolus</i>

Sommer, Robert S.; Fahlke, Julia M.; Schmölcke, Ulrich; Benecke, Norbert; Zachos, Frank E.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00137.x

Cited by 68 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…2010 for a detailed discussion). Nevertheless, it is safe to say that most of Europe was recolonized from the west after the last glaciation (in contrast, the roe deer Capreolus capreolus seems to have recolonized large European regions from the east; Sommer et al. 2009).…”

Section: Intraspecific Taxonomy and Phylogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Zachos¹,

Hartl²

2011

Mammal Review

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1. During the Last Glacial Maximum, European red deer Cervus elaphus occurred in refugia in Iberia/southern France, Italy, the Balkans and the Carpathians. Most of Europe, including large parts of the east and north-east, is now inhabited by red deer from the western lineage. The eastern lineage is largely confined to south-eastern Europe; a third lineage comprises Sardo-Corsican and Barbary red deer. 2. Sardo-Corsican, Barbary and Mesola red deer are genetically unique units. They exhibit low levels of genetic diversity and deserve particular protection, since conservation strategies should target genetic information. 3. Hybridization between sika Cervus nippon and red deer occurs rarely, but may lead to extensive introgression, particularly in parts of the British Isles. Further expansion of both species may lead to increased hybridization in continental Europe. 4. Although hunting has an impact on red deer gene pools, the main threat today is habitat fragmentation in human-dominated landscapes. The resulting increase in genetic drift and inbreeding reduces variability in isolated populations and may lead to inbreeding depression. To support vital meta-populations, migration corridors should be established. INTRODUCTIONThe red deer Cervus elaphus is one of the most widespread large mammals in Europe, occurring throughout most of the continent except in northern Scandinavia, Finland and Iceland. As perhaps the most important game species, it has also been undergoing anthropogenic impacts for centuries, or even millennia. The red deer is therefore an interesting model species whose distribution and genetic structure have been shaped by both natural and human factors, resulting in a mosaic pattern of recent human-mediated demographic factors, grafted on the underlying, more ancient structuring, through natural selection and large-scale biogeographic phenomena

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Section: Intraspecific Taxonomy and Phylogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Zachos¹,

Hartl²

2011

Mammal Review

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“…However, in contrast to mammals (e.g. Sommer et al, 2008Sommer et al, , 2009aSommer et al, , 2011 or the European pond turtle (Sommer et al, 2009b), the fossil record is not helpful for determining the arrival date of grass snakes in Fennoscandia. There are only few Holocene records in Denmark and Sweden.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Phylogeography of grass snakes (Natrix natrix) all around the Baltic Sea: implications for the Holocene colonization of Fennoscandia

Kindler¹,

Bringsøe²,

Fritz³

2014

Amphib Reptilia

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We show that Fennoscandia was invaded in the Holocene by three distinct mitochondrial lineages of Natrix natrix. Two of these lineages arrived from the south, and one from the east. One of the ‘southern lineages’ is confined to Gotland, where also the second ‘southern lineage’ is found. The latter is widely distributed in the southwestern Baltic region, western Fennoscandia and on the Åland Islands, while the other lineage present on Gotland is only known from a few sites in the Baltic region. In addition, we recorded a third mitochondrial lineage in southern continental Finland, which was previously unknown from Fennoscandia. This lineage also occurs in the southeastern Baltic region and further east, suggesting that southern Finland was colonized from the east. Thus, the phylogeography of N. natrix matches a general paradigm for Fennoscandia, with Holocene invasions from the south and east.

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that populations of European temperate species went extinct in the northern regions of Europe and survived in southern areas that served as refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), followed by northward range expansions back into Europe during the interglacial warmer periods (Hewitt, 1999). The southern European peninsulas of Iberia, Italy and the Balkans (and also Turkey), as well as smaller regions such as the Carpathians and southern France, played host to those ice age refugia, and the populations in them eventually recolonized Europe, although there was probably an important inflow from eastern regions near the Caspian Sea during the recolonization process (Sommer & Benecke, 2005; Sommer & Nadachowski, 2006; Schmitt, 2007; Sommer et al. , 2008, 2009; Sommer & Zachos, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Balkans and the colonization of Europe: the post‐glacial range expansion of the wild boar, Sus scrofa

Alexandri

Triantafyllidis

Papakostas

et al. 2011

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim We focus on the biogeographical role of the Balkan Peninsula as a glacial refugium and source of northward post‐glacial dispersal for many European taxa. Specifically, we analysed the genetic structure and variation of wild boar (Sus scrofa) samples primarily from Greece, a region that has repeatedly served as a glacial refugium within the Balkan Peninsula. Location Continental Greece, the Aegean island of Samos and Bulgaria. Methods We analysed wild boar samples from 18 localities. Samples from common domestic breeds were also examined to take into account interactions between wild and domesticated animals. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out on a 637‐bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region in 200 wild boar and 27 domestic pigs. The sequences were also compared with 791 Eurasian wild boar and domestic pig D‐loop sequences obtained from GenBank. Results Ninety‐four haplotypes were identified in the European wild boar data set, of which 68 were found in the Balkan samples and assigned to two previously described clades: the E1 European and Near Eastern clades. All of the continental samples clustered in the E1 clade and the samples from Samos fell into the Near Eastern clade, consistent with the island’s proximity to Asia Minor. Intriguingly, 62 novel haplotypes were identified and are found exclusively in the Balkans. Only six haplotypes were shared between wild boar and domestic pigs. Main conclusions Our data reveal numerous novel and geographically restricted haplotypes in wild boar populations, suggesting the presence of separate refugia in the Balkans. Our analyses support the hypothesis of a post‐glacial wild boar expansion consistent with the leading edge model, north and west from modern day Greece, and suggest little maternal introgression of Near Eastern and domestic haplotypes into wild Balkan populations.

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Quaternary history of the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus

Cited by 68 publications

References 35 publications

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Phylogeography, population genetics and conservation of the European red deer Cervus elaphus

Phylogeography of grass snakes (Natrix natrix) all around the Baltic Sea: implications for the Holocene colonization of Fennoscandia

The Balkans and the colonization of Europe: the post‐glacial range expansion of the wild boar, Sus scrofa

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