Quaternary Glaciations in the northern Andes (Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador)

Schubert, Carlos; Clapperton, Chalmers M.

doi:10.1016/0277-3791(90)90014-2

Cited by 90 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…18 ka BP) should have been as cold as or even colder than the 7.5°C cooling that the authors document by fossil pollen and forest bed studies from Mera, Ecuador. This temperature depression ties in with observations from the tropical Andes in Colombia (Hooghiemstra, 1989;Helmens, 1988;Schubert and Clapperton, 1990), in Ecuador (Clapperton, 1990) and in Perú (Rodbell et al, 1991). The Mera site is the only radiocarbon dated evidence from the last glaciation in Amazonia itself, where pollen and megafossil data were studied in detail (Liu and Colinvaux, 1985;Colinvaux, 1987b;Bush et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The Mera site revisited: Ice-age Amazon in the light of new evidence

Heine

1994

Quaternary International

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The Mera site is the only fossil pollen and forest bed radiocarbon dated 33-26 ka BP in tropical lowland Amazonia. Here I conclude, from the study of the geology, geomorphology and paleopedology of the Mera site area, as well as from new 14 C and U/Th age determination of the organic layers, that the pollen sections are not of last glacial age but of Middle Pleistocene age, at least. No evidence of last glacial age has been found for the Mera fossil forest beds. The data from the Mera sites, therefore, should neither be used for climate reconstructions of the last glacial maximum, nor for disputing the refugial theories.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The Mera site revisited: Ice-age Amazon in the light of new evidence

Heine

1994

Quaternary International

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“…A great deal of new information on ELA shifts has also come into existence during the last decade (e.g. Ono 1988;Schubert and Clapperton 1990;Rodbell 1992;Fox and Bloom 1994;Sharma and Owen 1996;Thouret et al 1996;Ono and Naruse 1997). Compilation of tropical ELA data is underway, and will form the subject of a separate review (Part II of this synthesis).…”

Section: Possible Causes Of Anomalous Temperature-elevation Relationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical climates at the Last Glacial Maximum: a new synthesis of terrestrial palaeoclimate data. I. Vegetation, lake-levels and geochemistry

Farrera¹,

et al. 1999

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“…(Richter and Moreira-Muñoz 2005). Volcanoes as well as glaciers are absent (Schubert and Clapperton 1990). Hence, volcanic contributions to the sediments of Laguna Campana are negligible.…”

Section: Geomorphology and Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution studies on vegetation succession, hydrological variations, anthropogenic impact and genesis of a subrecent lake in southern Ecuador

Brunschön

Haberzettl

Behling

2010

Veget Hist Archaeobot

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A lake sediment record from Laguna Campana at 2,488 m a.s.l. in the eastern Ecuadorian Andes allows the reconstruction of local environmental conditions over the past *500 years. A high-resolution multi-proxy approach using pollen, spore, charcoal and XRF analyses provides information about lake genesis, hydrological variations and the development of the surrounding vegetation. Results suggest that Laguna Campana originated from a landslide, which are naturally common and anthropogenically promoted in the study area. Human activities, e.g. deforestation or slash and burn cultivation, impacted the local vegetation development and biodiversity during the recorded period. After a first dense layer of pioneer grasses developed on open soil around the small lake, successional stages of secondary upper mountain rainforest forest mainly composed of Alnus and Weinmannia were observed. The record shows no signs of dense forest regeneration but rather open vegetation with trees and a grassy understory. Especially since ca. A.D. 1980, the proportion of forest in the area was reduced, most probably by fire use for pastures, cultivation and wood extraction. Hydrological variability was derived from differences in minerogenic input and variations in Botryococcus braunii and Sphagnum occurrence. After wettest conditions at the study site, probably triggering the landslide, humid conditions persisted until a time of drier conditions between A.D. 1900 and 1960. A subsequent return to wetter conditions was observed over the last decades. XRF analyses suggest an increase in deposition of atmospherically derived lead since the formation of the lake.

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Quaternary Glaciations in the northern Andes (Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador)

Cited by 90 publications

References 16 publications

The Mera site revisited: Ice-age Amazon in the light of new evidence

The Mera site revisited: Ice-age Amazon in the light of new evidence

Tropical climates at the Last Glacial Maximum: a new synthesis of terrestrial palaeoclimate data. I. Vegetation, lake-levels and geochemistry

High-resolution studies on vegetation succession, hydrological variations, anthropogenic impact and genesis of a subrecent lake in southern Ecuador

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