Quaternary Geology of the Monterey Bay Region, California

Dupré, W.R.

doi:10.32375/1990-gb67.12

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These landscape features have led to a “ring-like” distribution in many species, where upland taxa are currently absent or greatly limited in the Central Valley [8] , [58] – [60] . However, while the modern Central Valley is clearly inhospitable for many species (minimal topographic relief combined with nearly complete land conversion), past conditions have apparently been sporadically suitable for existence in and/or dispersal across the valley [61] , [62] . Evidence for this suitability is seen in multiple species of forest-dwelling upland salamanders, including Batrachoseps [3] , [13] , [63] , Ensatina [8] , [64] , [65] , and Aneides [66] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees in a Radiation of California Trapdoor Spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus)

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe California Floristic Province is a biodiversity hotspot, reflecting a complex geologic history, strong selective gradients, and a heterogeneous landscape. These factors have led to high endemic diversity across many lifeforms within this region, including the richest diversity of mygalomorph spiders (tarantulas, trapdoor spiders, and kin) in North America. The trapdoor spider genus Aliatypus encompasses twelve described species, eleven of which are endemic to California. Several Aliatypus species show disjunct distributional patterns in California (some are found on both sides of the vast Central Valley), and the genus as a whole occupies an impressive variety of habitats.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe collected specimens from 89 populations representing all described species. DNA sequence data were collected from seven gene regions, including two newly developed for spider systematics. Bayesian inference (in individual gene tree and species tree approaches) recovered a general “3 clade” structure for the genus (A. gulosus, californicus group, erebus group), with three other phylogenetically isolated species differing slightly in position across different phylogenetic analyses. Because of extremely high intraspecific divergences in mitochondrial COI sequences, the relatively slowly evolving 28S rRNA gene was found to be more useful than mitochondrial data for identification of morphologically indistinguishable immatures. For multiple species spanning the Central Valley, explicit hypothesis testing suggests a lack of monophyly for regional populations (e.g., western Coast Range populations). Phylogenetic evidence clearly shows that syntopy is restricted to distant phylogenetic relatives, consistent with ecological niche conservatism.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study provides fundamental insight into a radiation of trapdoor spiders found in the biodiversity hotspot of California. Species relationships are clarified and undescribed lineages are discovered, with more geographic sampling likely to lead to additional species diversity. These dispersal-limited taxa provide novel insight into the biogeography and Earth history processes of California.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees in a Radiation of California Trapdoor Spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus)

et al. 2011

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“…The Fort Ord Natural Reserve (FONR) lies ~2 km inland from Monterey Bay in Marina, CA, 6.5 km north of Monterey, at an elevation of 21–58 m. FONR has a Mediterranean‐type climate modified by maritime effects, with late autumn and winter rains and dry (though cool and foggy) summers. The soils at FONR are eolian dunes, 10 4 –10 5 years old (Dupré, 1990), composed mainly of quartz sands. Levels of most nutrients at 0–10 cm depth are low: for example, total N = 0.084%, P = 21.8 ppm, and organic matter = 1.89% (Fox et al, 1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivory mediates direct and indirect interactions in long‐unburned chaparral

Fox

Potts

2022

Ecological Monographs

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Community interaction webs describe both direct and indirect interactions among species. Changes in direct interactions often become noticeable soon after a perturbation, but time lags in the responses of many species may delay the appearance of indirect effects and lead to temporal or spatial variation in interaction webs. Accurately identifying these shifts in the field requires time‐specific, spatially differentiated interaction webs. We explore how variation in browsing affects interaction webs in a long‐unburned chaparral shrubland near the central California coast. Most prior work in chaparral focused on rapid changes for <5 years after a wildfire that were assumed to determine community patterns until the next fire. Here, we report the results of the first 15 years of an ongoing experiment monitoring how interaction webs in long‐unburned chaparral (at least 100 years postfire) respond to experimental variation in browsing by deer and rabbits on dominant shrubs (Arctostaphylos pumila, Ceanothus cuneatus var. rigidus, and Ericameria ericoides). We hypothesized that variation in browsing would directly affect foodplants, indirectly modify growth and survival of other shrubs, and impact habitat needed by herbaceous plants. We found a dynamic web of plant–herbivore and plant–plant interactions that responded rapidly to changes in deer browsing on Ceanothus followed by indirect interactions that continued developing over several years, affecting shrubs, open space, herbaceous plants, and small mammals. Experimental variation in the intensity of deer browsing led to temporal and spatial changes in interactions that produced three different community interaction webs. With deer, community webs were complex, having numerous direct and indirect interactions. Removing deer simplified the community web, changed outcomes of interactions, and reduced open space and herbaceous plant densities. Finally, changes in Ceanothus morphology without deer allowed woodrats to browse these shrubs, with negative impacts on Ceanothus growth and survival. General field observations also showed that all three alternative interaction webs occurred naturally at our fieldsite, varying across space and over time. Long‐unburned chaparral communities browsed by deer maintain high biological diversity, but maintenance of this diversity involves many key direct and indirect biotic interactions.

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Browsing impacts on the stable isotope composition of chaparral plants

Koch

Fox

2017

Ecosphere

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Abstract. We assessed the effects of herbivory on competition, water stress, and potentially biological nitrogen fixation on three species of endemic shrubs using variations in the stable isotope ratios ( C values may be due to increased water stress with substantial shrub growth. More broadly, herbivore suppression of N fixation may impact ecosystem processes such as productivity and N cycling, as well as an ecosystem's ability to respond to increased CO 2 .

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Quaternary Geology of the Monterey Bay Region, California

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees in a Radiation of California Trapdoor Spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus)

Inferring Species Trees from Gene Trees in a Radiation of California Trapdoor Spiders (Araneae, Antrodiaetidae, Aliatypus)

Herbivory mediates direct and indirect interactions in long‐unburned chaparral

Browsing impacts on the stable isotope composition of chaparral plants

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