Quaternary geology and geomorphic history of the Kassler quadrangle, Colorado

Scott, G. R.

doi:10.3133/pp421a

Cited by 50 publications

(87 citation statements)

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“…This lends support to Scott's (1963) conclusion that alluviation occurred on the High Plains during the late stages of mountain glaciation, as climatic conditions became warmer and drier. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Recent Glacial History of an Alpine Area in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.: II. Dating the Glacial Deposits

Benedict

1968

J. Glaciol.

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Recent glacial deposits in the Indian Peaks area of the Colorado Front Range have been dated lichenometricaily, using a growth curve developed locally forRhizocarpon geographicum. Radiocarbon dates, where available, tend to support the lichen chronology. Three distinct intervals of glaciation, each consisting of several minor pulsations, have occurred in the area during the past 4500 years. The earliest advance (Temple Lake Stade) is dated at 2500–700 b.c. A later advance (Arikaree Stade) began in about a.d. 100 and ended in a.d. 1000. The most recent advance (Gannett Peak Stade) is dated at a.d. 1650–1850. It remains to be seen whether the Arikaree Stade was purely a local development or whether glaciers were advancing elsewhere in the cordilleran region during this interval. Alluviation on the plains east of the Colorado Front Range seems to have occurred during the waning stages of mountain glaciation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Recent Glacial History of an Alpine Area in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.: II. Dating the Glacial Deposits

Benedict

1968

J. Glaciol.

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“…The most important soil properties that are used for correlation in this study include the presence or thickness of organic-rich A horizons, carbonate accumulation, and color. In addition, Bureau of Reclamation and other researchers have conducted paleoflood, geomorphic, and geologic investigations in the region of this study; radiocarbon data and soil properties from these previous studies were used to estimate the age of deposits for this study by correlating terrace surfaces and their associated soil properties (Hunt, 1954;Scott, 1960;Scott, 1963;Machette, 1985;Cornwell, 1986;May, 2003).…”

Section: Methodology Used To Identify Non-exceedance Bounds and Respementioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoflood investigations to improve peak-streamflow regional-regression equations for natural streamflow in eastern Colorado, 2015

Kohn¹,

Stevens²,

Harden³

et al. 2016

Scientific Investigations Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://store.usgs.gov/.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.Suggested citation: Kohn, M.S., Stevens, M.R., Harden, T.M., Godaire, J.E., Klinger, R.E., and Mommandi, Amanullah, 2016, Paleoflood investigations to improve peak-streamflow regional-regression equations for natural streamflow in eastern Colorado, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2016-5099, 58 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20165099. ISSN 2328-0328 (online) iii AcknowledgmentsThe authors would like to recognize Robert Jarrett, formerly of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), who was instrumental in helping develop the concept for this study and a plan to execute it. Julie Kiang of the USGS offered invaluable technical assistance during the undertaking of the study. Graph showing relation between 1-percent annual exceedance-probability discharges computed from the peak-streamflow regional-regression equations in the Foothills and Plains hydrologic regions of Colorado and the 1-percent annual exceedance-probability discharges computed from the peak-streamflow regional-regression equations in Capesius and Stephens (2009) Conversion FactorsInch/Pound to International System of Units Elevation, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.Water year in this report is defined as the period from October 1st of one year through September 30th of the following year and is named for the year of the ending date. equations and when eastern Colorado was divided into two separate hydrologic regions. To make further reductions in the uncertainties of the peak-streamflow regional-regression equations in the Foothills and Plains hydrologic regions, additional streamgages or crest-stage gages are needed to collect peakstreamflow data on natural streams in eastern Colorado. Generalized-Least Squares regression was used to compute the final peak-streamflow regional-regression equations for peakstreamflow. Dividing eastern Colorado into two new individual regions at -104° longitude resulted in peak-streamflow regionalregression equations with the smallest SEP. The new hydrologic region located between -104° longitude and the Kansas-Nebraska State line will be designated the Plains hydrologic region and the hydrologic region comprising the rest of eastern Colorado located west of the -104° longitude and east of the Rocky Mountains and below 7,500 feet in the South Platte River Basin and below 9,000 feet in the Arkan...

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“…The predominant natural soil was wind-deposited (loess) silty clay with minor patches of Verdos, Slocum and Piney Creek alluvium (Scott 1963a). During site grading, the natural soil cover was drastically changed by excavating the central portion of the subdivision, exposing bedrock, and placing the excavated soils along the east and west sides of the subdivision ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Background Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geologic Control of Severe Expansive Clay Damage to a Subdivision in the Pierre Shale, Southwest Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado

Gill¹,

West²,

Noe

et al. 1996

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract--Shortly after construction of a subdivision in the southwest Denver metropolitan area in 1986, a portion of the subdivision built directly on steeply-dipping strata of the Pierre Shale began experiencing damaging differential movements, causing house foundations to fail and pavements to warp and crack. This formation is a Late Cretaceous marine clay-shale composed predominantly of fluvial mixed-layer illite/smectite and quartz. During deposition of the shale, periodic and explosive volcanism generated thin beds of bentonite, consisting initially of volcanic ash and subsequently altered to nearly pure smectite. Some of these bentonite beds were exposed in a trench adjacent to the subdivision and perpendicular to the strike of the steeply-dipping strata. The thickest bentonite beds correlated well with linear heave features that these beds parallel the bedrock strike throughout the subdivision were mapped via severely deformed pavements. Mineralogical data show the bentonite bed that correlates with the worst damage within the subdivision consists of about 62% smectite by weight with mixed-layer illite/smectite expandability of 92%. By comparison, a sample of the typical silty claystone, which is fluvial mixed-layer illite/smectite mixed with detrital quartz from the adjacent strata, had about 23% smectite by weight with 70% to 90% illite/smectite expandability. Geotechnical tests for swell potential show that samples of 2 bentonite beds swelled 39% to 43% compared to 2% to 8% for samples of the typical silty claystone. It is proposed that differential swell resulting from stratigraphically-controlled differences in clay mineralogy and grain-size is the primary factor controlling extreme damage for this geologic setting.

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Quaternary geology and geomorphic history of the Kassler quadrangle, Colorado

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Recent Glacial History of an Alpine Area in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.: II. Dating the Glacial Deposits

Recent Glacial History of an Alpine Area in the Colorado Front Range, U.S.A.: II. Dating the Glacial Deposits

Paleoflood investigations to improve peak-streamflow regional-regression equations for natural streamflow in eastern Colorado, 2015

Geologic Control of Severe Expansive Clay Damage to a Subdivision in the Pierre Shale, Southwest Denver Metropolitan Area, Colorado

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