Quaternary extensional and compressional tectonics revealed from Quaternary landforms along Kosi River valley, outer Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Uttarakhand

Luirei, Khayingshing; Bhakuni, S. S.; Kothyari, Girish Ch; Tripathi, Kavita; Pant, P. D.

doi:10.1007/s00531-015-1204-0

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The maximum width of the valley floor measures about 1 km, and on average, the valley floor width is about 700 m. The narrowest valley is observed at Betalghat where the valley floor width measured near the bridge is about 38 m, whereas the widest is at Harchonoli‐Tiwarigaon area. In this segment, the Kosi River flows parallel to the Amel Fault, Betaghat‐Basgaon Fault, and RT (Bhakuni & Luirei, ; Luirei et al ., ). Segment C represents the valley segment between Betalghat and Seti Talla, measuring about 9 km in length (Figure ).…”

Section: Valley Floor Morphologymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The Kosi River flows along the N‐S trending Betalghat Fault at Betalghat, which is one of the narrowest valley sections. In this segment, the flow of the Kosi River is parallel to the strike of bedrocks and to the system of normal faults (Bhakuni & Luirei, ; Luirei et al, ). At Betalghat, the bedrock dips moderately towards NNW‐N.…”

Section: Valley Floor Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Except at Naugaon, Chhara, and Lohali, much localized deposits of fans and terraces are observed. The wide valley of the Kosi River between Simalkha and Katimi is characterized by enormous thickness of landslide debris fan deposits on either side of the Kosi River valley (Luirei et al, ). The maximum thickness of the debris fan deposits measure more than 200 m and are best exposed along stream sections (Bhakuni & Luirei, ; Luirei et al, ).…”

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wide valley of the Kosi River between Simalkha and Katimi is characterized by enormous thickness of landslide debris fan deposits on either side of the Kosi River valley (Luirei et al, ). The maximum thickness of the debris fan deposits measure more than 200 m and are best exposed along stream sections (Bhakuni & Luirei, ; Luirei et al, ). In the present study, the prominent fan surfaces of the second section is being dealt, as other fan surfaces in the Simalkha‐Katimi section has already been done by Luirei et al ().…”

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The maximum thickness of the debris fan deposits measure more than 200 m and are best exposed along stream sections (Bhakuni & Luirei, ; Luirei et al, ). In the present study, the prominent fan surfaces of the second section is being dealt, as other fan surfaces in the Simalkha‐Katimi section has already been done by Luirei et al (). Bawas village settlement is on old landslide debris, and the thickness of the sediment is ~90 m (Figure ).…”

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphologic study of the valley floor in different tectonic segments along Kosi River valley between South Almora Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust: Kumaun Himalaya, India

2017

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In the Kumaun Himalaya, a portion of the Kosi River valley of ~90 km in length is chosen to study the fluvial morphology that provides first‐order information about the dynamic response of bedrock channels to tectonic impulse. The Kosi River flows across/along major tectonic boundaries such as the South Almora Thrust, Ramgarh Thrust, Main Boundary Thrust, and the Himalayan Frontal Thrust, and local transverse and longitudinal faults. Varied fluvial landforms correspond to different tectonic settings, lithologies, bedrock channels, hillslopes, large landslides, terraces, and fans. The longitudinal valleys are also the sites for thick aggradational landforms. Some portion of these valleys fall in the areas of active extensional tectonics and is characterized by one of the widest valley floor sections in the Lesser Himalaya. In contrast, the transverse valley sections are incised by deep‐cut v‐shaped valleys and the narrowest valley section. Swerving of the Kosi River is observed in the Ramgarh Thrust and Amel Fault zones and also in the Main Boundary Thrust zone. Recent tectonic activity is evident from the presence of the faulted Quaternary deposits, linear fault scarps, abandoned channels, incised meandering, and multiple levels of terraces/strath terraces. Field observations and the computed ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf) corroborate each other. Valleys developed parallel to the strike of faults and bedrocks have relatively broader valleys with higher Vf values whereas in contrast, the valleys developed across the bedrock strike are narrow with smaller Vf values. The results of computed stream length gradient (SL) and steepness (Ks) indices show considerable correlations between the obtained SL and Ks data and the field evidences; high values of SL and Ks are characterized by the presence of knick points observed at the prominent thrusts and faults.

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Section: Valley Floor Morphologymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Valley Floor Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aggradational Landformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphologic study of the valley floor in different tectonic segments along Kosi River valley between South Almora Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust: Kumaun Himalaya, India

2017

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Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

et al. 2020

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This paper focuses on the analysis of geomorphic landform development, particularly between the Trans Himadri Fault and the Main Central Thrust including Berinag Thrust and other major NNE–SSW and NW–SE striking faults/thrusts in the Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya. Digital analysis of remote sensing data, field investigations including drainage analysis, and development of landforms have been carried out to understand the morphotectonic evolution and, thereby, the neotectonics in this region. A number of morphometric indices [(stream length‐gradient index (SL), steepness index (ks), Chi (χ)] were computed together with knick point analysis. Offsetting of the major river and tributaries was observed along a NNW–SSE direction. Other tectonic landforms, including truncated saddles and disturbed terrace patterns, show that the area is presently undergoing active deformation. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrusts provides evidence for aggradation of recent fluvial activity. Developments of various neotectonic features, such as starth terraces, off‐streams, truncated saddles, disrupted terraces, and palaeolake deposits, are evidences for recent tectonic activities associated with the major thrusts/faults. Cut‐and‐fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris‐flow terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley that provide signatures of past climatic records. Our study reveals that the fluvially modified debris‐flow terraces were formed between 5 and 20 ka. We infer that the major phase of valley‐fill happened between 5 and 12 ka, whereas the youngest phase of aggradation may have responded to the Holocene tectonic activity that took place around 5–6 ka. The study is significant to understand the recent geomorphic development and tectonic deformation in the study area and may be helpful for future infrastructural development in the region.

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Tectonic Control on the Meanders Pattern of Alaknanda River in Srinagar Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India

Semwal

Chauniyal

2022

Himalayan Neotectonics and Channel Evolution

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Quaternary extensional and compressional tectonics revealed from Quaternary landforms along Kosi River valley, outer Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, Uttarakhand

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Geomorphologic study of the valley floor in different tectonic segments along Kosi River valley between South Almora Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust: Kumaun Himalaya, India

Geomorphologic study of the valley floor in different tectonic segments along Kosi River valley between South Almora Thrust and Himalayan Frontal Thrust: Kumaun Himalaya, India

Evidences of neotectonic activity along Goriganga River, Higher Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Tectonic Control on the Meanders Pattern of Alaknanda River in Srinagar Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India

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