Quaternary deformation, river steepening, and heavy precipitation at the front of the Higher Himalayan ranges

Hodges, Kip; Wobus, Cameron; Ruhl, Katharine C.; Schildgen, Taylor F.; Whipple, K. X.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(04)00063-9

Cited by 286 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Such higher erosion due to focussed precipitation on higher relief on the southern slopes of the Higher Himalaya has been reported earlier too (Singh and FranceLanord, 2002;Hodges et al, 2004;Thiede et al, 2004;Wobus et al, 2005;Singh, 2006;Singh et al, 2008). Thus, the sediment budget of the Andaman Shelf, in addition to the HimalayanTibetan ranges, is controlled by erosion over the Indo-BurmanArakan and Western/Central granitic ranges due to intense and focussed precipitation over the higher relief of their western slopes.…”

Section: Control On Erosion Determining the Sediment Sourcessupporting

confidence: 56%

Lithology, Monsoon and Sea-Surface Current Control on Provenance, Dispersal and Deposition of Sediments over the Andaman Continental Shelf

et al. 2016

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Section: Control On Erosion Determining the Sediment Sourcessupporting

confidence: 56%

Lithology, Monsoon and Sea-Surface Current Control on Provenance, Dispersal and Deposition of Sediments over the Andaman Continental Shelf

et al. 2016

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“…Overall, the influence of monsoonal precipitation versus tectonic forcing on Himalayan landscape evolution remains debated throughout different timescales and orogenic compartments (e.g. Burbank et al, 2003;Clift et al, 2008;Galy and France-Lanord, 2001;Hodges et al, 2004;Thiede et al, 2004Thiede et al, , 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic and geologic controls on suspended sediment flux in the Sutlej River Valley, western Himalaya

Wulf

Bookhagen

Scherler

2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The sediment flux through Himalayan rivers directly impacts water quality and is important for sustaining agriculture as well as maintaining drinking-water and hydropower generation. Despite the recent increase in demand for these resources, little is known about the triggers and sources of extreme sediment flux events, which lower water quality and account for extensive hydropower reservoir filling and turbine abrasion. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal trends in suspended sediment flux based on daily data during the past decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)) from four sites along the Sutlej River and from four of its main tributaries. In conjunction with satellite data depicting rainfall and snow cover, air temperature and earthquake records, and field observations, we infer climatic and geologic controls of peak suspended sediment concentration (SSC) events. Our study identifies three key findings: First, peak SSC events (≥ 99th SSC percentile) coincide frequently (57-80 %) with heavy rainstorms and account for about 30 % of the suspended sediment flux in the semi-arid to arid interior of the orogen. Second, we observe an increase of suspended sediment flux from the Tibetan Plateau to the Himalayan Front at mean annual timescales. This sediment-flux gradient suggests that averaged, modern erosion in the western Himalaya is most pronounced at frontal regions, which are characterized by high monsoonal rainfall and thick soil cover. Third, in seven of eight catchments, we find an anticlockwise hysteresis loop of annual sediment flux variations with respect to river discharge, which appears to be related to enhanced glacial sediment evacuation during late summer. Our analysis emphasizes the importance of unconsolidated sediments in the high-elevation sector that can easily be mobilized by hydrometeorological events and higher glacialmeltwater contributions. In future climate change scenarios, including continuous glacial retreat and more frequent monsoonal rainstorms across the Himalaya, we expect an increase in peak SSC events, which will decrease the water quality and impact hydropower generation.

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“…Both the MBT and the MCT dip northward are no longer very active (Takada and Matsu'ura 2007); only the youngest, southernmost thrust (MFT) appears to be active in central Nepal (Bollinger et al 2014). Some studies have also suggested out-ofsequence thrusting, with possible thrust fault reactivation in the MCT zone (e.g., Hodges et al 2004;Seeber and Gornitz 1983). The STDS shows normal faulting in a direction almost parallel to the direction of thrusting Burchfiel et al 1992).…”

Section: Tectonics and Setting Of Receiver Faultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Coulomb stress changes in south Tibet (central Himalayas) due to the 25th April 2015 M W 7.8 Nepal earthquake using a Coulomb stress transfer model

Cheng

Meng

2016

Earthq Sci

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After M W 7.8 Nepal earthquake occurred, the rearrangement of stresses in the crust commonly leads to subsequent damaging earthquakes. We present the calculations of the coseismic stress changes that resulted from the 25th April event using models of regional faults designed according to south Tibet-Nepal structure, and show that some indicative significant stress increases. We calculate static stress changes caused by the displacement of a fault on which dislocations happen and an earthquake occurs. A M W 7.3 earthquake broke on 12 May at a distance of * 130 km SEE of the M W 7.8 earthquake, whose focus roughly located on high Coulomb stress change (CSC) site. Aftershocks (first 15 days after the mainshock) are associated with stress increase zone caused by the main rupture. We set receiver faults with specified strikes, dips, and rakes, on which the stresses imparted by the source fault are resolved. Four group normal faults to the north of the Nepal earthquake seismogenic fault were set as receiver faults and variant results followed. We provide a discussion on Coulomb stress transfer for the seismogenic fault, which is useful to identify potential future rupture zones.

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Quaternary deformation, river steepening, and heavy precipitation at the front of the Higher Himalayan ranges

Cited by 286 publications

References 44 publications

Lithology, Monsoon and Sea-Surface Current Control on Provenance, Dispersal and Deposition of Sediments over the Andaman Continental Shelf

Lithology, Monsoon and Sea-Surface Current Control on Provenance, Dispersal and Deposition of Sediments over the Andaman Continental Shelf

Climatic and geologic controls on suspended sediment flux in the Sutlej River Valley, western Himalaya

Investigation of Coulomb stress changes in south Tibet (central Himalayas) due to the 25th April 2015 M W 7.8 Nepal earthquake using a Coulomb stress transfer model

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