Quaternary alluvial-fan development, climate and morphologic dating of fault scarps in Laguna Salada, Baja California, Mexico

Spelz, Ronald M.; Fletcher, J. M.; Owen, Lewis A.; Caffee, Marc W.

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.06.001

Cited by 54 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The new embryonic fan builds over time at the distal edge of the old fan and gives an alluvial fan the morphometric appearance of segments of a telescope. Blissenbach (1954; also a classic diagram presented in Bull, 1977) was the first to define telescoping or telescopic alluvial fans, and numerous authors have adopted this terminology and shown the widespread nature of telescoping alluvial fan complexes (Ritter et al, 2000;Colombo, 2005;Spelz et al, 2008;Ferrier and Pope, 2012). Herein, we define telescoping (based on our interpretation of the literature and field experiences) to be an alluvial fan segment in front of an existing segment that has formed from a deeply incised channel debouching from an older alluvial fan segment.…”

Section: Alluvial Fan Development Via Progradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and maintenance of a telescoping debris flow fan in response to human-induced fan surface channelization, Chalk Creek Valley Natural Debris Flow Laboratory, Colorado, USA

Wasklewicz

Scheinert²

2016

Geomorphology

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Keyword:Alluvial fan evolution 2D debris-flow modeling Terrestrial laser scanning Geomorphic change detection Channel change has been a constant theme throughout William L. Graf's research career. Graf's work has examined channel changes in the context of natural environmental fluctuations, but more often has focused on quantifying channel change in the context of anthropogenic modifications. Here, we consider how channelization of a debris flows along a bajada has perpetuated and sustained the development of 'telescoping' alluvial fan. Two-dimensional debris-flow modeling shows the importance of the deeply entrenched channelized flow in the development of a telescoping alluvial fan. GIS analyses of repeat (five different debris flows), highresolution (5 cm) digital elevation models (DEMs) generated from repeat terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data elucidate sediment and topographic dynamics of the new telescoping portion of the alluvial fan (the embryonic fan). Flow constriction from channelization helps to perpetuate debris-flow runout and to maintain the embryonic fan and telescoping nature of the alluvial fan complex. Embryonic fan development, in response to five debris flows, proceeds with a major portion of the flows depositing on the southern portion of the embryonic fan. The third through the fifth debris flows also begin to shift some deposition to the northern portion of the embryonic. The transfer of sediment from a higher portion of the embryonic fan to a lower portion continues currently on the embryonic fan. While channelized flow has been shown to be critical to the maintenance of the telescoping fan, the flow constriction has led to higher than background levels of sediment deposition in Chalk Creek, a tributary of the Arkansas River. A majority of the sediment from each debris flow is incorporated into Chalk Creek as opposed to being stored on the embryonic fan.

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Section: Alluvial Fan Development Via Progradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and maintenance of a telescoping debris flow fan in response to human-induced fan surface channelization, Chalk Creek Valley Natural Debris Flow Laboratory, Colorado, USA

Wasklewicz

Scheinert²

2016

Geomorphology

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“…Analysis of the relative elevations of fault scarps cutting poorly consolidated sediments has been widely used to estimate fault rupture ages (Mattson & Bruhn 2001;Phillips et al 2003;Spelz et al 2008;Hilley et al 2010;Koehler & Wesnousky 2011). Normal fault scarps of the Basin and Range Province in the USA were noted to have gentler slopes on older scarps than on those resulting from more recent events (Wallace 1977).…”

Section: Morphological Dating Of the Egiin Davaa Scarpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Egiin Davaa prehistoric rupture, central Mongolia: a large magnitude normal faulting earthquake on a reactivated fault with little cumulative slip located in a slowly deforming intraplate setting

Walker

Wegmann

Bayasgalan

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The prehistoric Egiin Davaa earthquake rupture is well-preserved in late Quaternary deposits within the Hangay Mountains of central Mongolia. The rupture is expressed by a semicontinuous 80 km-long topographic scarp. Geomorphological reconstructions reveal a relatively constant scarp height of 4 -4.5 m and a NW-directed slip vector. Previous researchers have suggested that the scarp's exceptional geomorphological preservation indicates that it may correspond to an earthquake that occurred in the region c. 500 years ago. However, we constrain the last rupture to have been at least 4 ka ago from morphological dating and ,7.4 ka ago based on radiocarbon dating from one of two palaeoseismic trenches. Our study shows that discrete earthquake ruptures, along with details such as the locations of partially infilled fissures, can be preserved for periods well in excess of 1000 years in the interior of Asia, providing an archive of fault movements that can be directly read from the Earth's surface over a timescale appropriate for the study of slowly deforming continental interiors. The Egiin Davaa rupture involved c. 8 m of slip which, along with the observations that it is largely unsegmented along its length and that the ratio of cumulative slip (c. 250 m) to fault length (c. 80 km) is small, suggests relatively recent reactivation of a pre-existing geological structure.

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“…In characterising the age of alluvial fan surfaces, a variety of morphostratigraphic and weathering characteristics are used, including the relative development of desert pavement. Key characteristics include the degree of disintegration of surface clasts, the preservation of bar and swale morphology (changes in microtopography), the percent coverage of the surface by pavement, the degree of soil maturity and the development of rock varnish (Christenson and Purcell, 1985;Spelz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pavement Surfaces As a Tool In Geomorphic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In desert areas of the American southwest and the Middle East , many faults displace alluvial fan surfaces. Indeed, alluvial fans provide the single most important geomorphic marker for defining slip rates in North America (Spelz et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pavement Surfaces As a Tool In Geomorphic Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pavements and Stone Mantles

Laity

2011

Arid Zone Geomorphology

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Quaternary alluvial-fan development, climate and morphologic dating of fault scarps in Laguna Salada, Baja California, Mexico

Cited by 54 publications

References 54 publications

Development and maintenance of a telescoping debris flow fan in response to human-induced fan surface channelization, Chalk Creek Valley Natural Debris Flow Laboratory, Colorado, USA

Development and maintenance of a telescoping debris flow fan in response to human-induced fan surface channelization, Chalk Creek Valley Natural Debris Flow Laboratory, Colorado, USA

The Egiin Davaa prehistoric rupture, central Mongolia: a large magnitude normal faulting earthquake on a reactivated fault with little cumulative slip located in a slowly deforming intraplate setting

Pavements and Stone Mantles

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