Quasistatic mechanical behavior of HMX- and TATB-based plastic-bonded explosives

Plassart, Gaëtane; Picart, Didier; Gratton, Michel; Frachon, Arnaud; Caliez, Michaël

doi:10.1016/j.mechmat.2020.103561

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, past studies on the viscoelastic behavior of PBX 9502 (Thompson et al 2012) under small forced harmonic loading (by Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis) show a strong decrease of the storage (i.e. elastic) modulus when crossing the glass transition, and this is also the case for the present composite (Plassart et al 2020). This suggests that the binder forms a continuous phase throughout the aggregate.…”

Section: Virtual Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 48%

The irreversible thermal expansion of an energetic material

Trumel¹,

Willot

Peyres³

et al. 2021

Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics

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The works deals with a macroscopically isotropic energetic material based on triamino-trinitrobenzene (TATB) crystals bonded with a small volume fraction of a thermoplastic polymer. This material is shown experimentally to display an irreversible thermal expansion behavior characterized by dilatancy and variations of its thermal expansion coefficient when heated or cooled outside a narrow reversibility temperature range. The analysis of cooling results suggests the existence of residual stresses in the initial state, attributed to the manufacturing process. Microstructure-level FFT computations including the very strong anisotropic thermoelastic TATB crystal response and temperature-dependent binder plasticity, show that strong internal stresses develop in the disoriented crystals under thermal load, either heating or cooling. Upon cooling, binder plastic yielding in hindered, thus promoting essentially brittle microcracking, while it is favored upon heating. Despite its low volume fraction, the role of the binder is essential, its plastic yielding causing stress redistribution and residual stresses upon cooling back to ambient.

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Section: Virtual Microstructuresupporting

confidence: 48%

The irreversible thermal expansion of an energetic material

Trumel¹,

Willot

Peyres³

et al. 2021

Journal of Theoretical, Computational and Applied Mechanics

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“…PBXs are multiphase composite materials composed of high-energy explosives particles of irregular shapes, different sizes, and random position distributions (e.g., HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7tetranitro-1,3,5,5,7-tetrazocine), TATB (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene)) and polymer binders, as well as plasticizers, passivators, etc. The weight fraction of explosive particles in PBXs is up to 90% or more, e.g., the weight fraction of TATB explosive grains in PBX 9502 is 95% [1]. In the microstructure, the size of the explosive particles in PBXs exhibits a broad-spectrum distribution, which ensures a high volume fraction of explosive particles, to meet the blast energy requirements of explosives in a weapon system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Localized Deformation and Damage Behavior of Polymer-Bonded Explosive Simulant under Cyclic Compression

Jia,

Hao,

Peng

et al. 2024

Materials

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Uniaxial cyclic compression tests were performed to investigate the compression deformation and damage of polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) simulant, particularly shear localization. The macroscopic mechanical behavior and mesoscale failure mechanisms of the PBX simulant were analyzed by optical observation and SEM scanning methods. After each cyclic compression, the specimen was scanned by X-ray computed tomography (CT), and the internal 3D deformation of the specimen was calculated using the digital volume correlation (DVC) method. The results show that the stress–strain curve of the PBX simulant exhibits five stages and coincides with the morphological changes on the surface of the specimen. The mesoscale failure mechanism is dominated by particle interface debonding and binder tearing, accompanied by a small amount of particle breakage. There are three bifurcation points (T1, T2, and T3) in the curves of the normal and shear strain components with compression strain. It was found that these bifurcation points can reflect the full progression of the specimen from inconspicuous damage to uniformly distributed damage, shear localization, and eventual macroscopic fracture. The strain invariant I1 can quantitatively and completely characterize the deformation and damage processes of the PBX simulant under cyclic compression.

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“…These characteristics are critical for the performance and safety aspects of EMs. Specifically, higher packing density contributes to increased energy and accelerated velocity of detonation [20]; optimized solids loading ensures an appropriate ratio of binder to crystal, facilitating the release of nitrogen-rich gas products necessary for combustion [21]; adequate mechanical properties are essential for maintaining structural integrity under extreme heat and pressure upon detonation of EMs [22][23][24], while insufficient mechanical properties can pose risks of significant degradation to the safety of EMs [25]. Clearly, there is a need for new AM technologies that can fabricate complex EMs while maintaining desired density, solids loading, and mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure‐assisted binder jetting for additive manufacturing of mock energetic composites

Kirby,

Udaykumar,

Song

2023

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a promising approach to achieve energetic materials (EMs) with intricate geometries and controlled microstructures, which are crucial for safety and performance optimization. However, current AM methods still face limitations such as limited densities and inadequate solids loading. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a pressure‐assisted binder jet (PBJ) process that has the potential to allow for the fabrication of intricate EMs while preserving their desired properties. This study aims to investigate the effects of printing parameters on the microstructures and properties of EMs, including density, solids loading, mechanical properties, and heterogeneity. Our results demonstrate that the PBJ process achieves exceptional properties in EMs, including densities up to 83.4 % and solids loading up to 95.4 %, surpassing those achieved by existing AM processes. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the fabricated EMs are comparable to those achieved using conventional fabrication techniques, including a compressive strength of 3.32 MPa, a Young's modulus of 16.68 MPa, a Poisson's ratio of 0.45, a shear modulus of 5.73 MPa, and a bulk modulus of 21.01 GPa. Various test cases were printed to showcase the ability of the PBJ process to create EMs with complex structures and exceptional properties. Micro‐computed tomography was employed to analyze the influence of printing parameters on the internal composition and microstructures of the printed specimens.

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Quasistatic mechanical behavior of HMX- and TATB-based plastic-bonded explosives

Cited by 16 publications

References 53 publications

The irreversible thermal expansion of an energetic material

The irreversible thermal expansion of an energetic material

Experimental Study on the Localized Deformation and Damage Behavior of Polymer-Bonded Explosive Simulant under Cyclic Compression

Pressure‐assisted binder jetting for additive manufacturing of mock energetic composites

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