Quasi-stationary heterogeneous states of electrolyte at electrodeposition and etching process in a gradient magnetic field of a magnetized ferromagnetic ball

Liquid-liquid phase separation occurring under the influence of inhomogeneous magnetic field in the process of the metal deposition and etching of the magnetized ferromagnetic ball

“…Let us suppose that a hydrostatic equilibrium takes place, and the shape and size of the areas are constant [6] which corresponds to the quasi-stationary stage of the reaction.…”

“…Particularly, there is no qualitative explanation of influence of inhomogeneous static magnetic field on the electrodeposition, corrosion, and etching of metals [2][3][4][5][6]. Till now there is also no theoretical explanation of the dependence between deposition parameters and distribution of the magnetic field flux density at the surface of the electrode and magnetic susceptibility of certain electrolyte components [3,5].…”

“…The negligible energy value of a single magnetic ion in moderate magnetic fields in comparison with the energy of its thermal motion in an electrolyte is the basic obstacle for the theoretical explanation of numerous experimentally observed effects of inhomogeneous magnetic field influence on the processes of deposition and etching [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Really, the magnetic energy of a paramagnetic ion is at least 4-6 orders of magnitude less than k Β T, where k Β is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature.…”

“…considered small [3][4][5][6][8][9][10][11]. From this point of view, the following experimental facts represented the open problems: the phase separation of an electrolyte of the type Bliquid-liquid^with the sizes of phase areas which are characterized by the same typical scale as the size of the electrode, under influence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field created by the magnetized ferromagnetic electrode [9] and fluid movement, observed far beyond the diffusion layer of a ferromagnetic electrode in the processes of deposition, etching, and corrosion of metals in an external magnetic field without the passing of an external electric current through an electrolyte solution [4,9,13].…”

“…The approximation of hydrostatic equilibrium was successfully used for the description of the shape of the interface between the phases with different magnetic susceptibilities and different concentrations of magnions in an electrolyte which are formed during the electrochemical reactions in the external magnetic field near the surface of the ferromagnetic ball [6]. Here, we are trying to take into account the influence of the Earth's gravitation on experimentally observed liquid-liquid phase separation during metal deposition and etching on magnetized ferromagnetic ball in inhomogeneous magnetic fields when the external magnetic field is perpendicular to the gravity force.…”