Quasi-static tests on a two-story CLT building

Abstract

A two-story full-scale CLT building of 4.5 m x 9.1 m in plan, with a height of 5.04 m, was tested under quasi-static monotonic and cyclic loading for platform-type construction. The main objectives were to evaluate the global response of the structure, the performance of the shear walls, the behaviour of the connectors (hold-downs and angle brackets) and the frequency response of the structure during the tests. Lateral loads were applied on the storeys inducing torsion to the building. Loading procedure, number and disposition of connectors varied between tests. However, it is important to note that, in order to avoid a possible overlap of effects, the metal connectors hold-downs and angle-brackets only have been placed in CLT shear walls in each loading direction. In terms of performance, longitudinal direction presented a stiffer behaviour when compared to the transverse, where it was possible to verify greater sliding in the longitudinal direction and global rocking in the transverse direction. The results of this experimental campaign will be used for further analytical and numerical analyses, in order to help to implement more detailed seismic analysis, namely pushover, of CLT constructions.

Mansory-Infilled Rc Frames Strengthened With Cross-Laminated Timber Panels

“…Four different connections were considered in this study. The first (Figure 2 (a)) consists of a prefabricated mechanical connector, angle bracket AE116, widely used in the CLT structures [14]. The second one, Figure 2 (b), comprises three parts: a steel strap and steel threaded rods connecting to the beams, a steel bracket connected to the panel through self-tapping screws, and a steel plate connecting the steel strap with the steel bracket.…”

“…The connections of Figure 2 (a) were selected because they represent a common in CLT buildings, while the remaining ones have presented an adequate response under cyclic loading both for sliding (shear) and uplift (tension) motions [15]. It important to mention that the availability of experimental tests [14][15] allows calibrating numerical models, increasing the reliability of their results.…”

“…The connections between the CLT panel and the RC frame are represented by multi-linear plastic link elements that are governed by the Pivot hysteresis law. The force-deformation definition and Pivot's coefficients are obtained by a calibration process based on the experimental campaign developed by Matos et al [14]. For connection I (angle bracket AE116), Figure 5 allows the numerical and experimental results of cyclic tests, for both lateral (a) and uplift (b) motions, in terms of force-deformation curves.…”

“…The loading pattern applied in the experimental campaign [10] followed FEMA 461 [14], in which the displacement is applied throughout 16 steps, starting from 0.5 mm, and ending in 75 mm. Each step is repeated two times except for the first one, which is repeated six times.…”

Long-Term Loading Test of Reinforced Glulam Beam

“…Wooden houses have always been a popular architectural form with the characteristics of safety and habitability. In the context that green buildings are being vigorously promoted around the globe, wooden structures have ushered in new development opportunities due to their merits of low carbon footprint, environmentally-friendly, and sustainable development [1][2][3][4][5]. Glulam is an important material for wooden structures, which has several advantages such as scattered defects, high strength, and variable shapes of cross-sections and components, etc.…”