“…The crashworthiness properties and energy absorption characteristics of structures with different cross-sectional shapes and geometries have been studied, 25 including in particular, sine-wave beams, 10,13 semi-hexagonal specimens, 26 columns specimens, 27 conical shells [28][29][30] or various tubular shapes, 28,29,31,32 and corrugated tubes. 28,29,33 Foremost, tubular shapes tested are circular [1][2][3]5,[7][8][9]12,14,18,20,28,29,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] or squared.…”