Quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells containing chemically cross-linked gel

Murai, Shinji; Mikoshiba, Satoshi; Sumino, Hiroyasu; Hayase, Shuzi

doi:10.1016/s1010-6030(02)00046-1

Cited by 88 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The task of the counter electrode (CE) is the reduction of the redox species used as a mediator in regenerating the sensitizer after electron injection into the photo-anode. The standard catalyst in the CE in most of the recent publications in this field is platinum [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] because of the high catalytic activity and high corrosion stability against iodine in the electrolyte. As a precious metal, Pt is subject to price variations [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of low cost carbonaceous materials for application as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

et al. 2009

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The structural and morphologic properties of different carbonaceous materials were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) porosimetry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The electrochemical behaviour of these powders used as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was investigated by polarization experiments and electron impedance spectroscopy. Results were compared with DSSC using Pt as counter electrode. All DSSCs based on the carbonaceous materials showed conversion efficiencies higher than those equipped with Pt. Among the various carbon materials investigated, Acetylene Black in conjunction with graphite showed the best performance. This was interpreted from the physico-chemical analysis as due to a compromise between pores accessibility for the I 3 -reactant presents in electrolyte and appropriate surface graphiticity index of this carbonaceous material. A high degree of graphitization for the carbon black was found to enhance electron conduction and charge transfer properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of low cost carbonaceous materials for application as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

et al. 2009

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Section: Quasi-solid State Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Based On Chemicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the fluidity of the precursor electrolytes benefited the electrolyte penetration into TiO 2 porous film. Secondly, quaterization reactions proceeded in the presence of triiodide/iodide redox couple, thus liquid electrolytes could be solidified in situ of the cells [6][7][8][9][10] .Backbone polymers of polyvinylpyridine (PVP) or alkylbis(immidazole)s and crosslinkers of halogen derivatives in situ chemically crosslinking ionic liquid electrolytes were reported by Hayase [6][7][8] and Yanagida [9] groups respectively. A 40-80 mV increased open circuit voltage (V oc ) compared with the corresponding ionic liquid electrolytes has been found for Hayase's PVP chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes [7] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on pyridine or imidazole containing copolymer chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes

Feng

Fang

et al. 2007

CHINESE SCI BULL

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Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on chemically crosslinking with backbone polymers of poly(vinylpyridine-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VP-co-AN)) or poly(vinylimidazole-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VIM-co-AN)) and diiodide compounds of I(CH 2 ) 6 I or I(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 2 CH 2 I solidified EC/PC/KI/I 2 gel electrolytes have been fabricated. The ionic conductivities and apparent diffusion coefficients of I 3 − of the electrolytes and cell performances have been investigated. Providing chemically crosslinking points, pyridine or imidazole from the backbone polymers benefited the open circuit voltage and fill factor of the cells. Consequently, the overall energy conversion efficiencies of the quasi-solid DSSCs improved over 10% even near 20% from that of the liquid electrolyte before solidification. Besides, the employing of crosslinker I(CH 2 CH 2 O) n CH 2 CH 2 I showed higher electrolytic and cell characters than that of I(CH 2 ) 6 I.dye-sensitized solar cells, polymer electrolytes, polymer chemically crosslinking, energy conversion efficiency Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on nanocrystalline porous TiO 2 films and electrolytes containing triiodide/iodide redox couple have attracted great scientific and technological interests as potential alternatives to traditional photovoltaic devices [1][2][3] . (Quasi) Solid DSSCs facilitate the cell practical use due to an elimination of electrolyte leakage, cell sealing, etc. [4,5] . However, the overall energy conversion efficiencies of (quasi) solid DSSCs are usually lower than liquid DSSCs, mainly due to a bad interfacial contact between (quasi) solid electrolytes and TiO 2 porous film electrodes [4,5] .Recently, quasi-solid DSSCs based on in situ chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes have attracted interests in the sight of improving electrolyte/TiO 2 interfacial contact. Firstly, the fluidity of the precursor electrolytes benefited the electrolyte penetration into TiO 2 porous film. Secondly, quaterization reactions proceeded in the presence of triiodide/iodide redox couple, thus liquid electrolytes could be solidified in situ of the cells [6][7][8][9][10] .Backbone polymers of polyvinylpyridine (PVP) or alkylbis(immidazole)s and crosslinkers of halogen derivatives in situ chemically crosslinking ionic liquid electrolytes were reported by Hayase [6][7][8] and Yanagida [9] groups respectively. A 40-80 mV increased open circuit voltage (V oc ) compared with the corresponding ionic liquid electrolytes has been found for Hayase's PVP chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes [7] . While for Yanagida's imidazole system, a large V oc was first observed for the precursor electrolyte but subsequently decreased after solidification to the same value as that of the ionic liquid electrolyte [9] . It is known that pyridine derivatives such as 4-tert-butylpyridine and imidazole derivatives such as N-methyl-

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“…[ 3 ] However, the potential problems caused by the liquid electrolyte, such as leakage or evaporation of the solvents, are considered critical factors that limit the long-term operation and practical use of DSSCs. Therefore, considerable efforts have been made to replace liquid electrolytes with polymer electrolytes, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] inorganic p-type semiconductors, [ 12 , 13 ] and organic hole transport materials. [ 14 , 15 ] Among these approaches, the use of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) that exhibit high ionic conductivity at room temperature appears to provide successful results in terms of conversion effi ciency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(propylene carbonate)

Choi

Han

et al. 2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) is synthesized from the copolymerization of CO 2 and propylene oxide. Novel nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are prepared by utilizing PPC, organic solvents containing a redox couple, and aluminum oxide nanoparticles for application in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The quasi-solid-state DSSC assembled with optimized nanocomposite GPEs exhibits a relatively high conversion effi ciency of 6.16% at 100 mW cm − 2 and better stability than DSSC with liquid electrolyte. as poly(acrylonitrile), [ 16 , 17 ] poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO), [18][19][20] and poly(vinylidene fl uoride-co-hexafl uoropropylene) (P(VdF-co -HFP)). [21][22][23][24] The DSSCs employing ternary component GPE based on PEO exhibited relatively high conversion of 7.2%. [ 20 ] Recently, Dai group has reported an excellent conversion effi ciency of 8.01% in quasi-solid-state DSSCs assembled with P(VdF-co -HFP)-based GPE containing liquid crystal under 1 Sun illumination. [ 24 ] However, reports about the photovoltaic performance of quasi-solid-state DSSCs assembled with new polymer materials are limited. In order to achieve high conversion effi ciency and stability of DSSCs, it is important to fi nd fairly stable polymer materials that are compatible with polar organic solvents in liquid electrolyte.Herein, we propose a novel nanocomposite GPE based on poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) for quasi-solid-state DSSCs. PPC is one of the synthetic polymers that utilize CO 2 as a direct starting material for polymer synthesis [ 25 ] ; thus, the use of PPC to fabricate quasi-solid-state DSSCs can be one of the most challenging subjects in the CO 2 fi xation fi eld. PPC is highly compatible with carbonatebased organic solvents presently used in DSSCs, because it contains a carbonate group in the backbone. Thus, it can hold liquid electrolytes very well and improve the interfacial contact between electrolyte and electrode, resulting in an enhancement of the photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs. Moreover, PPC-based polymer electrolyte fi lms are transparent due to the amorphous nature of PPC, unlike PEO or P(VdF-co -HFP). In this work, high-molecular-weight

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Quasi-solid dye-sensitized solar cells containing chemically cross-linked gel

Cited by 88 publications

References 13 publications

Investigation of low cost carbonaceous materials for application as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

Investigation of low cost carbonaceous materials for application as counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells

Quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells based on pyridine or imidazole containing copolymer chemically crosslinked gel electrolytes

Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Using Nanocomposite Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Poly(propylene carbonate)

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