Quasi-Single-Mode Fiber Transmission for Optical Communications

Downie, John D.; Roudas, I.; Wood, William A.; Zakharian, Aramais R.; Hurley, Jason; Mishra, Snigdharaj; Yaman, Fatih; Zhang, Shaoliang; Ip, Ezra; Huang, Yue-Kai

doi:10.1109/jstqe.2016.2617208

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the remainder of this section, we discuss the formal derivation of a general expression for the nonlinear noise coefficient γ in (1). Our goal is to establish the connection among disparate formalisms in previous publications [22], [23], [24], [25]. Portions of this formalism are taken from [7], [8], [9], with changes in notation.…”

Section: Manakov Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This paper is intended to fill the aforementioned gaps in the prior literature. First, to reconcile dissimilar formulas derived before for the nonlinear noise variance of coherent optical communications systems with hybrid fiber spans [4], [22], [23], [24], [25], we review and rederive from first principles the theoretical framework of the nonlinear Gaussian noise model for hybrid fiber spans. We find a general expression for the nonlinear noise variance for the case of an arbitrary number of fiber types per span.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Revisiting the nonlinear Gaussian noise model: The case of hybrid fiber spans

Roudas,

Kwapisz,

Jiang

2020

Preprint

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We rederive from first principles and generalize the theoretical framework of the nonlinear Gaussian noise model to the case of coherent optical systems with multiple fiber types per span and ideal Nyquist spectra. We focus on the accurate numerical evaluation of the integral for the nonlinear noise variance for hybrid fiber spans. This task consists in addressing four computational aspects: (i) Adopting a novel transformation of variables (other than using hyperbolic coordinates) that changes the integrand to a more appropriate form for numerical quadrature; (ii) Evaluating analytically the integral at its lower limit, where the integrand presents a singularity; (iii) Dividing the interval of integration into subintervals of size π and approximating the integral in each subinterval by using various algorithms; and (iv) Deriving an upper bound for the relative error when the interval of integration is truncated in order to accelerate computation.We apply the proposed model to coherent optical communications systems with hybrid fiber spans composed of quasi-singlemode fiber and single-mode fiber segments. The accuracy of the final analytical relationship for the nonlinear noise variance in long-haul coherent optical communications systems with hybrid fiber spans is checked using the split-step Fourier method and Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown to be adequate to within 0.1 dBQ for the determination of the optimal fiber segment lengths per span that maximize system performance.

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Section: Manakov Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the nonlinear Gaussian noise model: The case of hybrid fiber spans

Roudas,

Kwapisz,

Jiang

2020

Preprint

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“…Notable exceptions are the following papers: First, Shieh and Chen [4] studied coherent optical systems with fiber spans consisting of a transmission fiber and a Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF). Later on, the papers by Downie et al [22] and Miranda et al [23] were dedicated to hybrid spans comprised of quasi-single-mode and single-mode fiber segments. More recent publications by Al-Khateeb et al [24] and Krzczanowicz et al [25] focused on hybrid spans for optical phase conjugation [24] and discrete Raman amplification [25] , respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the nonlinear Gaussian noise model for hybrid fiber spans

Roudas

Kwapisz

Jiang

2021

Intell. and Converged Netw.

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We rederive from first principles and generalize the theoretical framework of the nonlinear Gaussian noise model to the case of coherent optical systems with multiple fiber types per span and ideal Nyquist spectra. We focus on the accurate numerical evaluation of the integral for the nonlinear noise variance for hybrid fiber spans. This task consists in addressing four computational aspects: (1) Adopting a novel transformation of variables (other than using hyperbolic coordinates) that changes the integrand to a more appropriate form for numerical quadrature;(2) Evaluating analytically the integral at its lower limit, where the integrand presents a singularity; (3) Dividing the interval of integration into subintervals of size and approximating the integral over each subinterval by using various algorithms; and (4) Deriving an upper bound for the relative error when the interval of integration is truncated in order to accelerate computation.We apply the proposed analytical model to the performance evaluation of coherent optical communications systems with hybrid fiber spans composed of quasi-single-mode and single-mode fiber segments. More specifically, the model is used to optimize the lengths of the optical fiber segments that compose each span in order to maximize the system performance. We check the validity of the optimal fiber segment lengths per span provided by the analytical model by using Monte Carlo simulation, where the Manakov equation is solved numerically using the split-step Fourier method. We show that the analytical model predicts the lengths of the optical fiber segments per span with satisfactory accuracy so that the system performance, in terms of the Q-factor, is within 0.1 dB from the maximum given by Monte Carlo simulation.

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“…While most current field studies of simultaneous quantum and classical signal transmission were performed in (often) higher loss dark fiber [1]- [9], low loss fiber shows clear benefit in classical transmission as well as in practical installation of QKD systems over fiber [10]. Besides higher loss, the dark fiber also often does not provide the low optical nonlinearity medium required for efficient, high capacity modern "classical" coherent systemsto that end, large effective area fibers, such as quasi-single-mode fiber [11], are intensively studied. Record setting transmission distances over 300 km [12] and reaching 400 km [13] (not necessarily at the high secure key rates) were achieved using low loss fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling high quantum bit rate QKD systems over optical fiber

Kaliteevskiy

Nolan

2018

Quantum Technologies 2018

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There is considerable interest in finding conditions under which the quantum key distribution (QKD) propagation distances over fiber and secure key rate (SKR) are maximized for a given acceptable quantum bit error rate. One way to increase the secure key rate is to increase quantum bit rate, i.e. use shorter pulses. Short pulses propagating in a fiber are subject to temporal broadening caused by chromatic dispersion (CD) which leads to inter-symbol-interference and quantum bit-error rate increase. Current commercial QKD systems employ 1 Gb/s quantum bit rate sources, and the transition to 10 Gb/s system is being researched. While not very important in the 1 Gb/s, the effect of CD cannot be neglected in 10 Gb/s or higher quantum bit rate systems.

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Quasi-Single-Mode Fiber Transmission for Optical Communications

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Revisiting the nonlinear Gaussian noise model: The case of hybrid fiber spans

Revisiting the nonlinear Gaussian noise model: The case of hybrid fiber spans

Revisiting the nonlinear Gaussian noise model for hybrid fiber spans

Modeling high quantum bit rate QKD systems over optical fiber

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