Quasi real-time Raman studies on the growth of Cu–In–S thin films

Abstract

In this work annealing and growth of CuInS 2 thin films is investigated with quasireal-time in situ Raman spectroscopy. During the annealing a shift of the Raman A 1 mode towards lower wave numbers with increasing temperature is observed. A linear temperature dependence of the phonon branch of Ϫ2 cm Ϫ1 /100 K is evaluated. The investigation of the growth process ͑sulfurization of metallic precursors͒ with high surface sensitivity reveals the occurrence of phases which are not detected with bulk sensitive methods. This allows a detailed insight in the formation of the CuInS 2 phases. Independent from stoichiometry and doping of the starting precursors the CuAu ordering of CuInS 2 initially forms as the dominating ordering. The transformation of the CuAu ordering into the chalcopyrite one is, in contrast, strongly dependent on the precursor composition and requires high temperatures.

Structural, optical and electrical properties of CuInS 2 thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis

“…The Raman intensity ratio of α to β peaks increases with decreasing Cu/In ratio. Raman peaks at about 289 and 297 cm -1 were observed on the sulfurizationed and sprayed CuInS 2 films [8,9]. Frequencies of the former and latter peaks are very close to those of the α and β peaks, respectively.…”

“…Frequencies of the former and latter peaks are very close to those of the α and β peaks, respectively. According to Rudigier et al the 289 cm -1 mode can be assigned to the A 1 mode, which is the dominant peak in Raman spectra of chalcopyrite compounds, and the 297 cm -1 mode is ascribed to the coexistence of chalcopyrite and CuAu phases [8]. Therefore, the change of the Raman intensity ratio of α peak to β peak suggests that the local atomic arrangement in the film is changed by the Cu/In ratio.…”

Study of sulphidation of Cu–In nanoparticle precursor films with an air-stable process

“…Raman spectroscopy analysis is widely used to analyze CuInS 2 crystal [25][26][27]. As shown in Fig.…”

Direct Liquid Coating of Chalcopyrite Light‐Absorbing Layers for Photovoltaic Devices

“…decrease of grain size and increase in density of extended defects within the grain. [35] Severely deteriorated solar-cell properties, especially open-circuit voltage, are found in samples containing even a small amount of the Cu-Au ordered phase. [36,37] It is important to note that Cu-Au ordering is difficult to distinguish by X-ray diffraction.…”