Quasi-quantitative infrared thermographic detection of moisture variation in facades with adhered ceramic cladding using principal component analysis

Edis, Ecem; Flores‐Colen, Inês; Brito, Jorge de

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.07.027

Cited by 59 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…For this reason, it should be limited to the most in the case of ancient and historical masonries. Next to these methods, non-destructive moisture analyses are also frequently used: IR thermography, resistive methods, dielectric methods, microwave instruments [4,14,20,21]. Despite their sustainability, the non-destructive techniques present some disadvantages such as: the semi-quantitative qualitative nature of the results; the relative representativeness of the obtained data (often related only to the surface); the need of calibration with data coming from destructive sampling; and the necessity of an adequate data processing [22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising damp in historical buildings: A Venetian perspective

Falchi

Slanzi

Balliana

et al. 2018

Building and Environment

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A B S T R A C TConsidering several real case studies, moisture distribution due to rising damp in Venetian brick masonries is discussed and empirical models are developed. Moisture content and soluble salt data of 25 historical buildings in Venice are analysed. Data are scrutinized using statistical methods, obtaining contour plots and estimating the validity of linear and non-linear models. The models confirm that masonries are usually soaked with water till 120-150 cm over sea level, while the evaporation zone ranges in height from 200 cm to 350 cm. In the perpendicular section, moisture distribution depends on several contingent factors such as, among them, the proximity and the exposition of the external façades to the water action.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising damp in historical buildings: A Venetian perspective

Falchi

Slanzi

Balliana

et al. 2018

Building and Environment

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“…The use of thermography to study cracks, detachment and humidity are still being performed on an experimental basis, even the field studies. The studies have shown a strong dependence on the variations of surface temperature and sun incidence, with no agreement about the criteria regarding the best time to make the thermographic inspection (day or night) [15,16]. It can be said, obviously, that the weather conditions in the country where the studies are being performed are an important variable in the processes and results since they involve differentiations of heat flux for each study [4,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

et al. 2016

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Infrared thermography is an evaluation technique that helps to identify anomalies and can provide information on their incidence and severity. The aim of this study is to apply quantitative thermography to study a case of severe cracks in facade analyzing the evolution of temperatures and Delta-T. The temperature evolution was studied over a day. There was sun incidence occurring during part of the day, allowing to calculate and assess the evolution of the associated temperatures. Thermograms were acquired hourly during the study period. The highest temperatures were observed at 12:00 noon, and the larger Delta-T between 10:00 and 12:00. There were differences between the Delta-T profiles among the three regions studied. The best time for analysis is when Delta-T is higher. Cracks with higher Delta-T were considered more degraded, and generalized branched cracks did not allow a comparative conclusion.

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“…Up to now, the interest to transmit the knowledge obtained from the scientific research of materials to the scientific research of the buildings was focused on a semi-quantitative level (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared exploration of the architectural heritage: from passive infrared thermography to <em>hybrid</em> infrared thermography (HIRT) approach

Сфарра¹,

Marcucci²,

Ambrosini³

et al. 2016

Mater. construcc.

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Up to now, infrared thermographic approaches have been considered either passive or active. In the latter case, the heat flux is historically attributed to a non-natural heat source. The use of the sun has recently been incorporated into the active approach thanks to multi-temporal inspections. In this paper, an innovative hybrid thermographic (HIRT) approach is illustrated. It combines both the time component and the solar source to obtain quantitative information such as the defect depth. Thermograms were obtained by inspecting the facade of the Santa Maria Collemaggio church (L'Aquila, Italy), whereas quantitative results related to the sub-superficial discontinuities were obtained thanks to the use of advanced techniques. Experimental results linked to passive approach (i.e., the mosaicking procedure of the thermograms) performed by selecting a set of historic churches are also included in order to explain, when and where, the hybrid procedure should be used. RESUMEN: Exploración infrarroja del patrimonio arquitectónico: de la termografía infrarroja pasiva al enfoque de la termografía infrarroja híbrida (HIRT).Hasta la fecha, los enfoques sobre la termografía infrarroja han sido considerados, o pasivos, o activos. En este último caso, el flujo de calor se obtiene a través de una fuente de calor no natural. El uso de energía solar ha sido recientemente incorporado al enfoque activo gracias a los estudios multitemporales. En este trabajo, se ilustra un enfoque innovador de la termografía híbrida (HIRT). Se combina tanto el componente de tiempo y la fuente de energía solar para recuperar la información cuantitativa así como la profundidad del defecto. Las imágenes térmicas se obtuvieron mediante el análisis de la fachada de la Iglesia de Santa María Collemaggio (L'Aquila, Italia), mientras que los resultados cuantitativos inherentes a las discontinuidades sub-superficiales se obtuvieron gracias al uso de otras técnicas avanzadas. Los resultados experimentales vinculados al enfoque pasivo (es decir, el proceso de mosaico de las imágenes térmicas) derivan de un conjunto de Iglesias antiguas, también incluidas en el estudio, a fin de explicar cuándo y dónde tiene sentido realizar un proceso híbrido.

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Quasi-quantitative infrared thermographic detection of moisture variation in facades with adhered ceramic cladding using principal component analysis

Cited by 59 publications

References 35 publications

Rising damp in historical buildings: A Venetian perspective

Rising damp in historical buildings: A Venetian perspective

Facades inspection with infrared thermography: cracks evaluation

Infrared exploration of the architectural heritage: from passive infrared thermography to <em>hybrid</em> infrared thermography (HIRT) approach

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