Quasi‐E junction in a planar circuit

Abstract

In the E‐junction, when the phase shifts from the E‐arm to two straight arms are in‐phase and out‐of‐phase, respectively, the phase shifts in the opposite directions are also in‐phase and out‐of‐phase. On the other hand, in the quasi‐E junction which is a T‐shaped three‐way junction, when the phase shifts from the vertical arm to the two straight arms are in‐phase and out‐of‐phase, the phase shifts in the opposite direction are out‐of‐phase and in‐phase, respectively. In this paper, the quasi‐E junction characteristics are studied and two circuit configurations and their elements are derived. Next, the relationship between the quasi‐E junction and the E junction is studied. The result found is the symmetry. Also, the two circuit configurations are actually circuit systems. One of them is made of two gyrators (a nonreciprocal circuit in which the phase shift from the left to the right is −π/2 while the one in the opposite direction is π/2) and an H‐plane T junction in which the phase shifts between the vertical arm and each straight arm is −π/2 if the phase shift between the ends of the straight arms is π. From the measured results of the circuit system designed and fabricated, the operating principle of the quasi‐E junction is confirmed. The circuit configuration in this paper contains active devices since active gyrators are used. However, due to the fact that it is a planar circuit, the technology is important for MIC.