Quartz (SiO2): a new energy storage anode material for Li-ion batteries

Abstract

SiO 2 is one of the most abundant materials on Earth. It is costeffective and also environmentally benign when used as an energy material. Although SiO 2 was inactive to Li, it was engineered to react directly by a simple process. It exhibited a strong potential as a promising anode for Li-ion batteries.

A hybrid Si@FeSiy/SiOx anode structure for high performance lithium-ion batteries via ammonia-assisted one-pot synthesis

“…This means a decreasing irreversible capacity generated from the reactions of the electrode and the electrolyte, and the SEI formation, which is likely due to the decreasing amount of the total lithium-active materials of Si and SiO x . In addition, as a higher content of SiO x causes a higher initial irreversible capacity from the formation of irreversible lithium oxide and/or lithium silicides, the irreversible capacities of the hybrid structures milled for 20-40 h are higher than those milled for 60-100 h ( 16,19,36 In addition, a slightly lower potential of 0.14 V is reported for the formation of Li 4 SiO 4 in the lithiation process of a SiO anode material modied by surface etching and heat treatment, 37 while a value of 0.2 V is reported in a SiO anode prepared by high-energy ball milling. 38 In addition, the formation of Li 2 Si 2 O 5 in the lithiation product of a hollow porous SiO 2 nanocube discharged up to 0 V was also proposed, but there was no distinguishable reaction peak found in the cyclic voltammetry curve.…”

Mechanochemically Reduced SiO2 by Ti Incorporation as Lithium Storage Materials

“…Furthermore, crystalline Si nanophasess hould also be presenti nt he final product because of the disproportionation reaction induced by the HEMM process. [18] Before any experiments were conducted, the most appropriate metallice lement to form metal oxides was determined thermodynamically by calculating the formatione nergies (E f ) of availableoptions using the following Equation (1):…”

“…[15][16][17] More recently,C hang et al demonstrated that mechanically ball-milled SiO 2 exhibits ar eversible capacity of about 800 mAh g À1 and displaysa ne xcellent capacity retention over 100 cycles without any external buffering or ac onductive medias uch as carbon. [18] This improvedc ycling stabilityc an be attributed to the buffering effect provided by lithiums ilicate and/or oxide phases against the inevitable large volume expansion induced by lithiation. The main drawback to this proposed materiali si ts lowi nitial coulombic efficiencyo fa bout 37 %; but if this can be further improved while maintaining its excellent cycle performance withouta dditional engineering with carbon, then SiO 2 would be more attractive as ap otential anode for high-energyL IBs.…”

Biosilica from sea water diatoms algae—electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study

“…Moreover, huge volume changes influence the mechanical stress of the electrode seen as degradation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and further capacity fading [6]. Recently, the silicon oxide nanostructures were tested as an alternative anode material for lithium batteries [5,9,32,40]. Silica is one of the most commonly occurring matters on Earth.…”