Quartz crystal microbalance and electrochemical studies on the electrode modified by layer-by-layer multilayers of viologen polyelectrolytes

One layer, two layers, etc. An introduction to the EIS study of multilayer electrodes. Part 1: Theory

“…(38) and (39) show two new parameters: c 1,2 c 2,sol m 1 and c À1 1;2 c 1;sol m 2 . Moreover, the ratio of R ct,1,sol (Eq.…”

“…But recently, the concept of multilayer was extended to other material families, and to other types of layer arrangements: works on claybased multilayers [35], on polyelectrolyte multilayers deposited at liquid-liquid interfaces [36], on neutral polymer-containing multilayers, on multilayers with polycation 1/polycation 2/polyanion sequences [37,38], and on redox polymer-based multilayers [39] can be cited as examples. Thus, in what follows, we will define a multilayer electrode as a metallic electrode on which are deposited numerous layers, each layer being chemically different from its adjoining layers.…”

Influence of Anions on Electrochemical Redox Reactions and Electrical Properties using a Viologen Derivative

“…The viologen derivative, HSC 8 VC 8 SH, was synthesized by Qian et al 6) Figure 1 shows the molecular structure of the viologen bonded to a thiol group. Reagents used in this experiment were of analytical grade and used without any further purification.…”

Water-coupled monovalent and divalent ion transport in polyviologen networks

“…Studies on the coupled mass transport (ion and solvent) have primarily focused on swollen solid RAPs containing pendant nitroxide radicals or quinones, [10][11][12][13][14] but limited reports on the participation of solvent and ions in the redox reaction of viologen-based RAPs exist. [15][16][17][18][19] With regard to viologen-based RAPs, many studies reported only minimal mass change, 15,16,20,21 focused on only the rst redox couple, 15,17 ) favored lithium transport for the rst redox couple. 17 This points to the possible effects of ion size, but not valency.…”

“…Studies on the coupled mass transport (ion and solvent) have primarily focused on swollen solid RAPs containing pendant nitroxide radicals or quinones, 10–14 but limited reports on the participation of solvent and ions in the redox reaction of viologen-based RAPs exist. 15–19 With regard to viologen-based RAPs, many studies reported only minimal mass change, 15,16,20,21 focused on only the first redox couple, 15,17 or investigated monolayers, 22 which are not ideal representations of battery electrodes. Corrêa et al studied polymerized imidazole/viologen crosslinked films in lithium-based aqueous electrolytes and found that electrolytes with larger anions (CF 3 SO 3 − ) favored anion transport and those with smaller anions (BF 4 − ) favored lithium transport for the first redox couple.…”