Quarter and cow risk factors associated with a somatic cell count greater than 199,000 cells per milliliter in United Kingdom dairy cows

Breen, James; Bradley, Andrew J.; Green, Martin J.

doi:10.3168/jds.2008-1562

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The multivariate logistic regression confirms the results of previous studies that showed an increased risk of high SCC with stage of lactation (Laevens et al, 1997;Breen et al, 2009). Moreover, parity was associated with the risk of high SCC, as obtained by other authors (Laevens et al, 1997;Breen et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Management factors and cow traits influencing milk somatic cell counts and teat hyperkeratosis during different seasons

et al. 2014

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-The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of season, parity, stage of lactation and milking procedures on teat-end condition, cow cleanliness and milk somatic cell count (SCC) and identify risk factors associated with milk somatic cell counts greater than 100,000 cells/mL. A group of 15 Italian dairy farms were visited three times during different seasons: the cold (3.8 °C), the hot (23.5 °C) and the mild (12.1 °C) seasons. Hygiene of udder, flanks and legs was scored on 2,330 cows based on a 4-point scale system, from very clean (score 1) to very dirty skin (score 4). On the same cows, a total of 9,201 teats were assessed for teat-end condition and assigned to four different classes of hyperkeratosis: No lesion (N), Smooth ring (S), Rough (R) and Very rough skin (VR). The average percentage of teats classified in the worst classes of hyperkeratosis (R and VR) equaled 15.9%. Teat hyperkeratosis, cow cleanliness and milk somatic cell count were significantly affected by the season. Teat condition was significantly better in primiparous than in multiparous cows and deteriorated during lactation. Cows with the lowest values of SCC, better teat conditions and better hygiene scores were found in the farms where more than one milking practice (among forestripping, pre-dipping and post-dipping) were performed. Multivariate logistic analysis confirmed that parity and days of lactation significantly influence the risk of high somatic cell count. Among environmental and management aspects, clean udders and pre-dipping are associated with a reduced likelihood to have individual cows with milk SCC greater than 100,000 cells/mL. Teat hyperkeratosis does not seem to be a risk factor of high SCC. Milk somatic cell count can be lowered by means of simple actions such as improvement of hygiene condition of cow environment and adoption of pre-dipping.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Moreover, parity was associated with the risk of high SCC, as obtained by other authors (Laevens et al, 1997;Breen et al, 2009). Cow cleanliness, in particular udder hygiene score, was an important risk factor of high milk SCC, supporting the results of Schreiner and Ruegg (2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Management factors and cow traits influencing milk somatic cell counts and teat hyperkeratosis during different seasons

et al. 2014

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“…Similar values had already been used by other authors (BREEN et al, 2009). It is well established that cows with a SCC higher than 200,000 cells mL -1 are more likely to have an IMI than cows with a lower SCC (GREEN et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The most important cause of variation in milk SCC is the infection status and SCC higher than 200,000cells mL -1 is generally regarded as being suggestive of intramammary infection (BREEN et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somaticell® as a screening method for somatic cell count from bovine milk

et al. 2012

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“…In some herds, a significant number of cows were over-or underconditioned, with over half of all cows experiencing a change in BCS across the dry period. Although this is not a problem per se, poor BCS management has been associated with no change or an increased risk of disease (Zadoks et al, 2001;Breen et al, 2009a), whereas proactive management has been associated with a decreased risk (Green et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

An investigation of the dynamics of intramammary infections acquired during the dry period on European dairy farms

Bradley

Vliegher

Green

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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The dry period is acknowledged as playing a key role in mastitis epidemiology and yet surprisingly few studies have explored dry period infection dynamics in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of intramammary infection across a cohort of dairy herds in Europe. Five hundred and twenty-two cows were recruited from 12 farms in 6 European countries. All cows received antibiotic dry cow therapy but teat sealants were not used. All quarters of all cows were sampled for bacteriology at drying off and in the week immediately postcalving. Two ipsilateral quarters were also sampled for bacteriology in each cow 2 and 6wk after drying off. Cows were body condition scored and teats assessed for cleanliness at all sampling time points and for the presence of a keratin plug during the dry period. Other cow-level parameters such as historic somatic cell counts and milk yields before drying off were collated from farm records. Univariable and multivariable analyses were undertaken to investigate the etiology, prevalence, and dynamics of infection during the dry period and associated influential factors. In summary, environmental mastitis pathogens predominated. Although gram-positive major pathogens were typically well controlled and did not increase in prevalence across the dry period, gram-negative pathogens generally increased in prevalence. There was an increase in the number of quarters that yielded no growth across the dry period, although this was driven by minor rather than major mastitis pathogen control. Other than the presence of a gram-positive or gram-negative pathogen 6wk after drying off, the measured parameters were not influential when considering their effect on the presence of pathogens postcalving. Analysis also suggested that the early and mid dry period may be more important with respect to the timing of acquisition of infection than previously thought. We observed substantial variation in the etiology and prevalence of different pathogens on different farms with, in all cases, at least one of the 12 herds experiencing the opposite of the others with respect to increases and decreases in pathogen prevalence. Overall, this study confirms the importance of the dry period in mastitis epidemiology but highlights the importance of assessing and understanding infection dynamics on individual units. The lack of influence of the cow and quarter factors measured in this study suggests that herd and management factors may be more influential.

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Quarter and cow risk factors associated with a somatic cell count greater than 199,000 cells per milliliter in United Kingdom dairy cows

Cited by 38 publications

References 19 publications

Management factors and cow traits influencing milk somatic cell counts and teat hyperkeratosis during different seasons

Management factors and cow traits influencing milk somatic cell counts and teat hyperkeratosis during different seasons

Somaticell® as a screening method for somatic cell count from bovine milk

An investigation of the dynamics of intramammary infections acquired during the dry period on European dairy farms

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