2007
DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/34/7/s04
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Quark–gluon matter

Abstract: Abstract.A concise review of the experimental and phenomenological progress in highenergy heavy-ion physics over the past few years is presented. Emphasis is put on measurements at BNL-RHIC and CERN-SPS which provide information on fundamental properties of QCD matter at extreme values of temperature, density and low-x. The new opportunities accessible at the LHC, which may help clarify some of the current open issues, are also outlined.

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Cited by 51 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…One major achievement in HIC was the discovery that QCD matter at energy densities greater than 1 GeV=fm 3 acts like a strongly interacting plasma of quarks and gluons. Indeed, the fast (local) thermalization time and the good agreement of the data at RHIC with ideal relativistic hydrodynamics models (which admit a fluid evolution with zero viscosity) are evidences that the matter formed at RHIC is a strongly interacting plasma of quarks and gluons [1], as confirmed by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 72%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…One major achievement in HIC was the discovery that QCD matter at energy densities greater than 1 GeV=fm 3 acts like a strongly interacting plasma of quarks and gluons. Indeed, the fast (local) thermalization time and the good agreement of the data at RHIC with ideal relativistic hydrodynamics models (which admit a fluid evolution with zero viscosity) are evidences that the matter formed at RHIC is a strongly interacting plasma of quarks and gluons [1], as confirmed by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 72%
“…It corresponds to zero charge (isospin) chemical potential, μ Q ¼ 0, and the strangeness chemical potential is one third of the total baryonic chemical potential, μ S ¼ 1=3μ B . This is the relevant scenario to simulate matter created by 1 For the QCD CEP, the associated soft mode is a linear combination of fluctuations of the chiral condensate and the quark number density instead of pure chiral fluctuations [38]. ultrarelativistic HIC.…”
Section: A Results At G V =mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also been recognised as a powerful tool to study the fundamental properties of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in these collisions [70][71][72][73][74][75][76]. Furthermore, since the nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) [77][78][79][80][81][82] (especially of the gluon) cannot be well determined using the available nuclear deep inelastic scattering (DIS) and Drell-Yan experimental data compared with the PDFs of the free nucleon, the measurements of prompt photon production in heavy-ion collisions can be used to constrain the gluon distributions within nuclei [83][84][85][86].…”
Section: Advances In High Energy Physicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Such energy densities are more than one order of magnitude above the critical value, ε crit ≈ 1 GeV/fm 3 , predicted by lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations [2] for the formation of a deconfined system of bare-mass quarks and gluons (Quark Gluon Plasma, QGP) [3]. Among all experimental observables, particles with large transverse : Left: Examples of the sensitivity of various perturbative probes to quark-gluon matter properties in A-A collisions [4]. Right: "Jet quenching" event displays in central Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC: monojetlike event [5] (top) and γ-jet event with a recoiling jet with reduced energy [6] (bottom).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%