Quantum Turbulence: Aspects of Visualization and Homogeneous Turbulence

Vinen, W. F.

doi:10.1007/s10909-013-0911-9

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The study of quantum turbulence has in recent years benefited from the use of flow visualization techniques, which led researchers to appreciate more clearly similarities and differences between classical and quantum flows (69). These very powerful tools produced, at the same time, results that are posing more questions than giving clear answers, showing thus that the probed phenomena are indeed worth investigating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of two-fluid flows of superfluid helium-4

Guo

Mantia

Lathrop

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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Cryogenic flow visualization techniques have been proved in recent years to be a very powerful experimental method to study superfluid turbulence. Micron-sized solid particles and metastable helium molecules are specifically being used to investigate in detail the dynamics of quantum flows. These studies belong to a well-established, interdisciplinary line of inquiry that focuses on the deeper understanding of turbulence, one of the open problem of modern physics, relevant to many research fields, ranging from fluid mechanics to cosmology. Progress made to date is discussed, to highlight its relevance to a wider scientific community, and future directions are outlined. The latter include, e.g., detailed studies of normal-fluid turbulence, dissipative mechanisms, and unsteady/oscillatory flows. He is used as a coolant for superconducting magnets and infrared detectors (2), to astrophysics, where superfluidity is invoked to explain glitches in the rotation of neutron stars (3, 4) and the formation of cosmic strings (5, 6). More recently, superfluidity has been used to describe the collective behavior of birds (7) and a cosmological model has been used to obtain results relevant to superfluid turbulence (8). The latter form of turbulence, occurring in quantum fluids, is indeed an especially interesting topic because of its quantum peculiarities and its similarity to classical turbulence. Superfluids, in which turbulence can be directly visualized and studied, include superfluid 4 He and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates (9). Due to the limit of small sample volumes, the experimental study of turbulence in Bose-Einstein condensates has hardly begun. The development of visualization techniques applicable to superfluid 4 He is thus essential, if our understanding of quantum turbulence is to make significant progress in the near future.Superfluid 4 He is viewed as consisting of two interpenetrating fluids. The gas of thermal excitations forms the normal component, which can be considered as a viscous fluid. The superfluid component is inviscid and its rotational motion is possible only in the presence of topological defects, in the form of quantized vortex filaments. Turbulence in the superfluid component therefore takes the form of a tangle of quantized vortex lines. Turbulence in the normal fluid is more conventional, although the interaction between the normal fluid and the vortices leads to the nonclassical force of mutual friction between the two fluids. Turbulence in such a system can exhibit a behavior that is similar to that found in a classical fluid; but it may take forms that are unknown in classical fluid mechanics: for example, forms relevant to a fluid in which there is no viscous dissipation, and those that depend on the coexistence of the two fluids. Study of quantum turbulence can therefore enrich our knowledge of turbulence in general, as well as being interesting in its own right. Visualization TechniquesFlow visualization techniques have been developed to a high degree of precision and speed for clas...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of two-fluid flows of superfluid helium-4

Guo

Mantia

Lathrop

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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“…6.3). Combining the quantisation conditions (139) and (140) with Eqn. (152), the London field can be expressed in terms of macroscopic fluid variables.…”

Section: Charged Multi-fluid Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron stars in the laboratory

Graber

Andersson

Hogg

2017

Int. J. Mod. Phys. D

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Neutron stars are astrophysical laboratories of many extremes of physics. Their rich phenomenology provides insights into the state and composition of matter at densities which cannot be reached in terrestrial experiments. Since the core of a mature neutron star is expected to be dominated by superfluid and superconducting components, observations also probe the dynamics of large-scale quantum condensates. The testing and understanding of the relevant theory tends to focus on the interface between the astrophysics phenomenology and nuclear physics. The connections with low-temperature experiments tend to be ignored. However, there has been dramatic progress in understanding laboratory condensates (from the different phases of superfluid helium to the entire range of superconductors and cold atom condensates). In this review, we provide an overview of these developments, compare and contrast the mathematical descriptions of laboratory condensates and neutron stars and summarise the current experimental state-of-the-art. This discussion suggests novel ways that we may make progress in understanding neutron star physics using low-temperature laboratory experiments.

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“…Since tracer particles interact with both fluid components, a major challenge when applying PTV to thermal counterflow is determining what influences the motion of an observed particle at a given time, so that the behavior of the underlying flow field can be interpreted 2 correctly [9,[12][13][14]. Until recently analysis was confined to qualitative characterizations: evolution of particle motion in response to applied heat flux [15], or of statistical distributions of particle kinematics in response to image acquisition rate [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing vortex tangle properties in steady-state He II counterflow using particle tracking velocimetry

Mastracci

Guo

2019

Phys. Rev. Fluids

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Historically, there is little faith in particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) as a tool to make quantitative measurements of thermal counterflow in He II, since tracer particle motion is complicated by influences from the normal fluid, superfluid, and quantized vortex lines, or a combination thereof.Recently, we introduced a scheme for differentiating particles trapped on vortices (G1) from particles entrained by the normal fluid (G2). In this paper, we apply this scheme to demonstrate the utility of PTV for quantitative measurements of vortex dynamics in He II counterflow. We estimate ℓ, the mean vortex line spacing, using G2 velocity data, and c 2 , a parameter related to the mean curvature radius of vortices and energy dissipation in quantum turbulence, using G1 velocity data. We find that both estimations show good agreement with existing measurements that were obtained using traditional experimental methods. This is of particular consequence since these parameters likely vary in space, and PTV offers the advantage of spatial resolution. We also show a direct link between power-law tails in transverse particle velocity probability density functions (PDFs) and reconnection of vortex lines on which G1 particles are trapped.

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Quantum Turbulence: Aspects of Visualization and Homogeneous Turbulence

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Visualization of two-fluid flows of superfluid helium-4

Visualization of two-fluid flows of superfluid helium-4

Neutron stars in the laboratory

Characterizing vortex tangle properties in steady-state He II counterflow using particle tracking velocimetry

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