Quantum Structures of the Hydrogen Atom

Abstract

How to cite this paper: Jeknić-Dugić, J., Dugić, M., Francom, A. and Arsenijević, M. (2014) Abstract Modern quantum theory introduces quantum structures (decompositions into subsystems) as a new discourse that is not fully comparable with the classical-physics counterpart. To this end, socalled Entanglement Relativity appears as a corollary of the universally valid quantum mechanicsthat can provide for a deeper and more elaborate description of the composite quantum systems. In this paper we employ this new concept to describe the hydrogen atom. We offer a consistent picture of the hydrogen atom as an open quantum system that naturally answers the following important questions: 1) how do the so called "quantum jumps" in atomic excitation and de-excitation occur? and 2) why does the classically and seemingly artificial "center-of-mass + relative degrees of freedom" structure appear as the primarily operable form in most of the experimental reality of atoms?

Symmetry and Natural Quantum Structures for Three-Particles in One-Dimension

“…it is local with respect to the structure (17). One way to think about this is that the spin-independent HamiltonianĤ has U(J 3 ) symmetry since it commutes with any unitary operator acting only on S. The dynamical-invariance of the tensor product structure (17) means that the amount of entanglement between the spatial degrees of freedom and spin degrees of freedom is an invariant in time. For example, any pure initial state |Ψ(0) can be decomposed like…”

“…Thinking about quantum structures, and in particular the relativity of entanglement [13][14][15][16][17], has proved useful for a variety of purposes, including developing decoherence-free subspaces for error-correcting codes [18], understanding the dynamics of open systems [19], and classifying entanglement structures in two-body systems [20]. The goal here is to see whether thinking about quantum structures can possibly explain the emergence of 'natural' observables for storing and processing quantum information.…”

A Top-down versus a Bottom-up Hidden-variables Description of the Stern–Gerlach Experiment

“…[7]. In this section we briefly overview perhaps the simplest one, which equates "quantum structure" with the "tensor product structure [of the composite system's Hilbert space]" [4] (and references therein).…”

“…However, for open quantum systems, it is often conjectured, e.g. [9], and sometimes justified [8,10,11] existence of a preferred structure (decomposition into subsystems) due to the environmental influence. Sometimes, the preferred structure is postulated [12] or expected to exist due to the additional symmetry-based requirements, see e.g.…”

“…Rather, it is typically regarded the alternative atomic "center of mass + relative particle" (CM + R) structure that is defined by the respective position observables, R CM and ρ R . The structural transition [8] e + p → CM + R…”