Quantum State Transfer via Noisy Photonic and Phononic Waveguides

Vermersch, Benoît; Guimond, Pierre-Olivier; Pichler, Hannes; Zoller, P.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.133601

Cited by 128 publications

(106 citation statements)

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“…In this article we show that the correct description of the light-matter interaction between a single ion and a paraxial LG beam requires the inclusion of the longitudinal electric-field component, when the beam is in the antiparallel momenta configuration. Thus, longitudinal field components do matter even in the paraxial approximation, and may lead to unexpected applications, for example to chiral quantum optics [28,29].Before engaging in the light-matter model and comparison with experiments, we briefly discuss LaguerreGaussian modes. These modes are solutions of the paraxial wave equation in cylindrical coordinates {r, φ, z}, and are perhaps the most studied of all optical-vortex beams, for they can be easily produced from conventional laser beams using computer generated holograms, cylindrical lenses, Q-plates, etc.…”

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Twisted-Light–Ion Interaction: The Role of Longitudinal Fields

2017

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The propagation of light beams is well described using the paraxial approximation, where field components along the propagation direction are usually neglected. For strongly inhomogeneous or shaped light fields, however, this approximation may fail, leading to intriguing variations of the light-matter interaction. This is the case of twisted light having opposite orbital and spin angular momenta. We compare experimental data for the excitation of a quadrupole transition in a single trapped 40 Ca + ion by Schmiegelow et al, Nat. Comm. 7, 12998 (2016), with a complete model where longitudinal components of the electric field are taken into account. Our model matches the experimental data and excludes by 11 standard deviations the approximation of complete transverse field. This demonstrates the importance of all field components in the interaction of twisted light with matter.The full vector character of the electromagnetic field is responsible for a variety of basic physical processes, such as those occurring in near-field optics and the propagation of focused beams close to the diffraction limit [1,2]. Moreover, electromagnetic fields with components in all possible directions play a special role in applied science. For example, the sub-diffraction-limited focusing of radially polarized beams producing strong longitudinal fields [3] can be used to improve material processing [4,5]. Also, longitudinal fields have seen application in Raman spectroscopy [6], optical tweezers [7], and have been used to observe circular dichroism in non-chiral nanostructures [8].Light carrying orbital angular momentum, known also as twisted light (TL) or optical vortices, has introduced us to a new realm of structured light [9][10][11][12][13]. An unusual property of TL has to do with the relative orientation of the photon's angular momenta. When the orbital and spin angular momenta are antiparallel to each other, longitudinal field components become important. As a result, the light-matter interaction is different for parallel or anti-parallel momenta beams. This has been suggested in several theoretical articles dealing with tightly-focused TL [14,15] and TL-related beams [16][17][18][19][20]. Longitudinal fields in structured beams promise new applications, such as the control of the spin state of electrons or impurities in quantum dots [14,21], and the excitation of intersubband [22] transitions in quantum wells [23].For propagating fields that are not tightly focused the complexity of the full vector model can be reduced, still retaining an excellent description of the physics under consideration. In the paraxial approximation [24] one assumes that the transverse profile changes slowly along the propagation direction, here z. To lowest order in the ratio of wavelength to beam waist the electric and magnetic fields have no longitudinal component [25,26]. Although very common, such a strong assumption is not always correct. Theory shows that Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams, the paradigmatic paraxial TL, has a nonnegligible longitudin...

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Twisted-Light–Ion Interaction: The Role of Longitudinal Fields

2017

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“…For small deviation from MC, we may use quantum error correction to actively suppress the noise and restore the encoded quantum information [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Nevertheless, the quantum error correction has limited capability of correcting errors (e.g., no more than 50% loss) [27].…”

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Quantum Transduction with Adaptive Control

2018

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Quantum transducers play a crucial role in hybrid quantum networks. A good quantum transducer can faithfully convert quantum signals from one mode to another with minimum decoherence. Most investigations of quantum transduction are based on the protocol of direct mode conversion. However, the direct protocol requires the matching condition, which in practice is not always feasible. Here we propose an adaptive protocol for quantum transducers, which can convert quantum signals without requiring the matching condition. The adaptive protocol only consists of Gaussian operations, feasible in various physical platforms. Moreover, we show that the adaptive protocol can be robust against imperfections associated with finite squeezing, thermal noise, and homodyne detection. It can be implemented to realize quantum state transfer between microwave and optical modes.Quantum transducers (QT) can convert quantum signals from one bosonic mode to another, which may have different frequencies, polarizations, or even mode carriers. QT enables quantum information transfer between different physical platforms, which is crucial for hybrid quantum networks [1,2]. There have been significant advances toward quantum state transfer between different bosonic systems, such as conversion between microwave and mechanical/spin-wave modes [3][4][5], between optical and mechanical/spin-wave modes [6][7][8][9], and etc. Motivated by the hybrid quantum networks with optical quantum communication and microwave quantum information processing, recently there are experimental demonstrations of coherent conversion between microwave and optical signals with decent conversion efficiencies [10][11][12], but the signal attenuation and added noise still prevent us from achieving quantum transduction between microwave and optical modes.Most investigations of quantum transduction are based on the direct quantum transduction (DQT) protocol. As illustrated in Fig. 1(a), QDT protocol has a simple structure that injects quantum signals to the input port and retrieves them from the output port of the mode converter, which can hybridize different modes with enhanced bilinear couplings betweeen localized modes ( Fig. 1(b)). The energy mismatch between the input and output states can be compensated by parametric processes and stiff pumps [10,11,[13][14][15]. Unlike classical signals, quantum signals are vulnerable to both attenuation and amplification, which irreversibly add noise and induce decoherence. Hence, DQT protocol requires the matching condition (MC) -the subblock of the scattering matrix associated with the input and output ports should be equivalent to the identity matrix -so that every excitation entering the input port can be faithfully converted into an excitation exiting the output port, without affecting other ports [8,16,17]. In practice, however, MC is not always feasible, due to limited tunability of device parameters [18] and undesired parametric con- c between two internal modes a1 and a2 with coupling strengths g and g , and external coupli...

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“…The ability to interface quantum emitters with optical systems opens novel routes for investigating nonequilibrium phenomena in open condensed matter physics [1] and provides, potentially, a platform to perform quantum information processing [2][3][4][5][6][7]. In recent years, the open quantum dynamics of chiral systems, where the emission of photons into a waveguide presents a broken left-right symmetry, has been the object of intense investigation [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. This propagation-direction-dependent light-matter interaction has been observed in a variety of systems, for instance atoms coupled to the evanescent field of a waveguide [16] or a photonic crystal [17][18][19], and quantum dots in photonic nano-structures [20].…”

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Dynamical creation and detection of entangled many-body states in a chiral atom chain

et al. 2019

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Open quantum systems with chiral interactions can be realized by coupling atoms to guided radiation modes in photonic waveguides or optical fibers. In their steady state these systems can feature intricate many-body phases such as entangled dark states, but their detection and characterization remains a challenge. Here we show how such collective phenomena can be uncovered through monitoring the record of photons emitted into the guided modes. This permits the identification of dark entangled states but furthermore offers novel capabilities for probing complex dynamical behavior, such as the coexistence of a dark entangled and a mixed phase. Our results are of direct relevance for current optical experiments, as they provide a framework for probing, characterizing and classifying classical and quantum dynamical features of chiral light-matter systems.

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Quantum State Transfer via Noisy Photonic and Phononic Waveguides

Cited by 128 publications

References 49 publications

Twisted-Light–Ion Interaction: The Role of Longitudinal Fields

Twisted-Light–Ion Interaction: The Role of Longitudinal Fields

Quantum Transduction with Adaptive Control

Dynamical creation and detection of entangled many-body states in a chiral atom chain

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