Quantum Sensing and Imaging of Spin–Orbit‐Torque‐Driven Spin Dynamics in the Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet Mn<sub>3</sub>Sn

Yan, Gerald Q.; Li, Senlei; Lu, Hanyi; Huang, Mengqi; Xiao, Yuxuan; Wernert, Luke; Brock, Jeffrey; Fullerton, Eric E.; Chen, Hua; Wang, Hailong; Du, Chunhui

doi:10.1002/adma.202200327

Cited by 31 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…1 (c,d)] [35,41,50]. Mea-surements of the longitudinal (R xx ) and transverse Hall resistance (R xy ) are consistent with previous work on similar samples [14,41,42,44,49,50]. We used a pulse-measure protocol for characterizing the switching properties as a function of pulse shape and field [45] and performed the time-resolved measurements of the AHE using the split-pulse technique described in Ref.…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

“…The rotation period is estimated in a range of 1-30 ns, depending on the current density. Experimental evidence for such a mechanism, however, lack insight into the time-dependent dynamics that is the hallmark of coherent switching [43,49]. Our time-resolved traces shown in Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Within this picture, however, different magnetization dynamics can be expected depending on whether the torques rotate the moments in or out of the kagome plane [41,43,47,48]. New effects such as chiral spin rotation have been proposed, whereby the Mn moments undergo continuous rotation in the kagome plane with time periods in the tens of ns [43,47,49]. Thus far, however, switching experiments relied on electrical pulses with pulse duration of 100 ms, which yield no information about the fast switching dynamics expected of antiferromagnets.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies propose a coherent chiral spin reversal mechanism in noncollinear antiferromagnets where the gvector continuously rotates above a given current density threshold [43,47,49]. The rotation period is estimated in a range of 1-30 ns, depending on the current density.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, chiral spin rotation requires an injected spin current with polarization parallel to the c-axis [41,43]. Given the polycrystalline nature of our samples, we expect to have a measurable amount of such grains in our Hall crosses [43,49]. On the other hand, chiral spin rotation may take place in different grains with different phase factors, averaging to zero in the total Hall signal.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Time-dependent multistate switching of topological antiferromagnetic order in Mn$_3$Sn

Krishnaswamy,

Sala,

Jacot

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The manipulation of antiferromagnetic order by means of spin-orbit torques opens unprecedented opportunities to exploit the dynamics of antiferromagnets in spintronic devices. In this work, we investigate the current-induced switching of the magnetic octupole vector in the Weyl antiferromagnet Mn3Sn as a function of pulse shape, field, temperature, and time. We find that the switching behavior can be either bistable or tristable depending on the temporal structure of the current pulses. Time-resolved Hall effect measurements reveal that Mn3Sn switching proceeds via a twostep demagnetization-remagnetization process caused by self-heating over a timescale of tens of ns followed by cooling in the presence of spin-orbit torques. Our results shed light on the switching dynamics of Mn3Sn and prove the existence of extrinsic limits on its switching speed.

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confidence: 76%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Time-dependent multistate switching of topological antiferromagnetic order in Mn$_3$Sn

Krishnaswamy,

Sala,

Jacot

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Topological Spin Textures in a Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet System

et al. 2023

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Topologically protected magnetic “whirls” such as skyrmions in antiferromagnetic materials have recently attracted extensive interest due to their nontrivial band topology and potential application in antiferromagnetic spintronics. However, room‐temperature skyrmions in natural metallic antiferromagnetic materials with merit of probable convenient electrical manipulation have not been reported. Here, room‐temperature skyrmions are realized in a non‐collinear antiferromagnet, Mn3Sn, capped with a Pt overlayer. The evolution of spin textures from coplanar inverted triangular structures to Bloch‐type skyrmions is achieved via tuning the magnitude of interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. Beyond that, the temperature can induce an unconventional transition from skyrmions to antiferromagnetic meron‐like spin textures at ≈220 K in the Mn3Sn/Pt samples. Combining with the theoretical calculations, it is found that the transition originates from the temperature dependence of antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between kagome sublayers within the Mn3Sn crystalline unit‐cell. These findings open the avenue for the development of topological spin‐swirling‐based antiferromagnetic spintronics.

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Relaxometry with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond

2022

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Metrics & More Article RecommendationsCONSPECTUS: Relaxometry is a technique which makes use of a specific crystal lattice defect in diamond, the so-called NV center. This defect consists of a nitrogen atom, which replaces a carbon atom in the diamond lattice, and an adjacent vacancy. NV centers allow converting magnetic noise into optical signals, which dramatically increases the sensitivity of the readout, allowing for nanoscale resolution. Analogously to T1 measurements in conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), relaxometry allows the detection of different concentrations of paramagnetic species. However, since relaxometry allows very local measurements, the detected signals are from nanoscale voxels around the NV centers.As a result, it is possible to achieve subcellular resolutions and organelle specific measurements.A relaxometry experiment starts with polarizing the spins of NV centers in the diamond lattice, using a strong laser pulse. Afterward the laser is switched off and the NV centers are allowed to stochastically decay into the equilibrium mix of different magnetic states. The polarized configuration exhibits stronger fluorescence than the equilibrium state, allowing one to optically monitor this transition and determine its rate. This process happens faster at higher levels of magnetic noise. Alternatively, it is possible to conduct T1 relaxation measurements from the dark to the bright equilibrium by applying a microwave pulse which brings NV centers into the −1 state instead of the 0 state. One can record a spectrum of T1 at varying strengths of the applied magnetic field. This technique is called cross-relaxometry. Apart from detecting magnetic signals, responsive coatings can be applied which render T1 sensitive to other parameters as pH, temperature, or electric field. Depending on the application there are three different ways to conduct relaxometry experiments: relaxometry in moving or stationary nanodiamonds, scanning magnetometry, and relaxometry in a stationary bulk diamond with a stationary sample on top.In this Account, we present examples for various relaxometry modes as well as their advantages and limitations. Due to the simplicity and low cost of the approach, relaxometry has been implemented in many different instruments and for a wide range of applications.Herein we review the progress that has been achieved in physics, chemistry, and biology. Many articles in this field have a proof-ofprinciple character, and the full potential of the technology still waits to be unfolded. With this Account, we would like to stimulate discourse on the future of relaxometry.

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Quantum Sensing and Imaging of Spin–Orbit‐Torque‐Driven Spin Dynamics in the Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet Mn₃Sn

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Time-dependent multistate switching of topological antiferromagnetic order in Mn$_3$Sn

Time-dependent multistate switching of topological antiferromagnetic order in Mn$_3$Sn

Topological Spin Textures in a Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet System

Relaxometry with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond

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Quantum Sensing and Imaging of Spin–Orbit‐Torque‐Driven Spin Dynamics in the Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet Mn3Sn

Cited by 31 publications

References 67 publications

Time-dependent multistate switching of topological antiferromagnetic order in Mn$_3$Sn

Time-dependent multistate switching of topological antiferromagnetic order in Mn$_3$Sn

Topological Spin Textures in a Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet System

Relaxometry with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) Centers in Diamond

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Product

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Quantum Sensing and Imaging of Spin–Orbit‐Torque‐Driven Spin Dynamics in the Non‐Collinear Antiferromagnet Mn₃Sn