Quantum Relativity: Variable Energy Density of Quantum Vacuum as the Origin of Mass, Gravity and the Quantum Behaviour

Abstract

In Quantum Relativity, time and space are separated. Time is the numerical order of material changes, and space is the medium, in which these changes take place. Space has the origin in a three-dimensional quantum vacuum defined by fluctuations of the energy density corresponding to elementary RS (reduction state) processes of creation/annihilation of elementary quanta. Quantum Relativity provides a unifying approach to special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. Each physical object from the micro-to the macroscale can be derived from an opportune diminishing of the quantum vacuum energy density. In particular, the variable energy density of space in Quantum Relativity corresponds to the curvature of space in general relativity. In quantum theory, the behavior of each subatomic particle follows from opportune elementary RS processes of creation/annihilation of quanta guided by a quantum potential of the vacuum. Finally, the perspectives of this model regarding the view of gravity and quantum as two aspects of the same coin and the electroweak scale are analyzed. K e y w o r d s: mass, gravity, General Relativity, Quantum Relativity, quantum vacuum, quantum mechanics, Standard Model.c ○ D. FISCALETTI, A. SORLI, 2018void theoretically of all fields, elementary particles, and massive objects, still exists on its own and so must have some specific physical origin. The so-called "empty space" is a type of energy that is "full" of itself and has its independent physical existence. We explored recently this possibility by introducing, on the basis of the Planckian metric emerging, for example, from loop quantum gravity [1-3], a model of a three-dimensional (3D) dynamic quantum vacuum, which can create a bridge between quantum mechanics and general relativity. In this model, the background space of physical processes is a 3D quantum vacuum, where each elementary particle is determined by elementary reduction-state (RS) processes of creation/annihilation of quanta (more precisely, of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs) corresponding to opportune changes of the energy density of space [4,

A Three-Dimensional Non-Local Quantum Vacuum as the Origin of Photons

“…2 )︁ and Δ = = ( P − ) is a change of the quantum vacuum energy density [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Equation 5corresponds to the following two equations:…”

“…where , and + , are the usual annihilation and creation operators of the th mode, and is the polarization of a three-dimensional photon, respectively. Equations (25) and (26) define a sort of the "ground state" for the frequency of the 3D quantum vacuum (9) generating photons. The field Ξ 0 can be considered, also by virtue of the fact that its physical units are V m −1 s 2 , as a real component of the 3D quantum vacuum, namely, as the special basic state of the 3D quantum vacuum expressing its electromagnetic properties.…”

“…In other words, we can say that the ground state describing the electromagnetic properties of the 3D quantum vacuum, which is defined by Eqs. (25) and (26) represents the ultimate source from which photons are born. This means that, in this approach, while subatomic massive particles are ultimately generated by more elementary physical processes regarding the RS processes of the 3D quantum vacuum, the photons are not, in the same way, a primary physical reality, but are generated as opportune excitations -associated to the non-null frequency given by (9) -of this special state of the 3D quantum vacuum.…”

“…In other words, Planck's law of the spectral distribution of the energy radiated by a black body ultimately derives from regions of the 3D quantum vacuum, when it is characterized by the ground state defined by Eqs. (25) and (26), namely when it acts as a "reservoir" of photons. The latter themselves appear in the context of a minimum spatial extension corresponding to the quantization volume (24) in which the quantized vector potential (17) of the 3D quantum vacuum oscillates over a period.…”

“…Now, according to the model of a three-dimensional (3D) timeless quantum vacuum proposed by the authors of this paper in [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], it is possible to go beyond the results of Wheeler, Feynman, Cramer, Kastner, Chiatti, and Licata in the following sense. The real key of the explanation of the direct interaction at a distance between material particles and their medium invoked by the Wheeler-Feynman approach, as well as of the transactional processes considered by Cramer, Kastner, Chiatti, and Licata, lies in the fact that there is a fundamental symmetry between matter and space.…”