Quantum-referenced voltage waveform synthesiser

Quantum waveform synthesizer using Nb/TiN/Nb binary-divided Josephson junction arrays

“…2 and full details of its operation are given in [9]. This paper focusses on improvements to the design and describes the developments required to increase the sampling frequency from 5 kHz to 100 kHz.…”

“…The work presented here is a continuation of a sampling approach using a specially designed differential amplifier and synthesizer [9]. The sampling frequency used in this work was 5 kHz and typically 128 sample points were used to synthesize a sine wave at 39 Hz.…”

Influence of harmonics on AC measurements using a quantum voltmeter

“…However, the implementation of quantum devices for the measurement of AC voltage parameters including RMS value, amplitude and phase of harmonics leads to a gradual displacement of thermo converters by the new quantum standards. Optimized quantum voltmeters already allow obtaining comparable characteristics in the frequency range up to 10 kHz [1][2][3]. AC voltage measurements using quantum voltmeters are based on sampling methods, which should be considered when calculating parameters of the AC voltage.…”

Precision ac-dc difference measurements of a thermal transfer standard based on a Josephson sampling voltmeter

“…The stepwise-approximated waveforms synthesized with a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) inevitably contain transient signals between all the adjacent quantumvoltage steps [1]- [3]. To use the Josephson synthesizer as a standard ac source, the uncertainties caused by the undesirable signals should be considered carefully [4]- [5].…”