Quantum random numbers from a fiber-optic photon-pair source

Abstract

Sources of random numbers are critical for a broad range of applications, spanning from gaming to random-samplingbased analysis and secure communications [1]. Optical technologies offer a vast arsenal of tools for the generation of random numbers at high speeds and in convenient formats [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Of particular interest are the optical methods in which random numbers are generated as a result of quantum processes [1,[9][10][11][12][13]. Although the evolution of quantum systems is governed by deterministic equations, a measurement on quantum observables can yield, unlike classical processes, truly unpredictable outcomes, suggesting a powerful resource for a broad range of random-number applications and providing a unique platform for in-depth studies into the fundamental aspects of randomness [1,13].Beam splitting of single-photon fields stands out as perhaps the most celebrated example of quantum optical random number generation (RNG). Invaluable for thought experiments and methodological arguments, this method is, however, difficult to integrate into information networks. Promising networkingcompatible quantum optical RNG approaches demonstrated within the past few years include RNG schemes based on laser noise [2, 3], weak photonic coherent states [4,5], stimulated Raman scattering [6], as well as optical parametric processes in crystals with quadratic nonlinearity [7] and semiconductor Laser Physics Letters

Ultralow-power instant-on photon-pair counting and photon-entanglement analysis

“…The FPGA has already been instrumental in the development of high count rate, precision multichannel Geiger mode detectors for a wide variety of event counting applications, including quantum key distribution and photon entanglement studies using single and entangled photon emitters [13][14][15][16], multiphoton microscopy [17], positron emission tomography [18], and random number generation [19,20]. However, FPGA elements used in these counting solutions have also suffered from power requirements in excess of several hundred milliwatts, and possess boot-up/configuration times in excess of 100 ms [21,22], making them unsuitable for use in a portable measurement instrument.…”