Quantum Rabi Oscillation: A Direct Test of Field Quantization in a Cavity

Brune, M.; Schmidt-Kaler, F.; Maali, Abdelhamid; Dreyer, J.; Hagley, Edward W.; Raimond, Jean‐Michel; Haroche, S.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.76.1800

Cited by 944 publications

(903 citation statements)

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“…These collective effects are particularly prominent when the coupling between the spin ensemble and the radiation field (g ffiffiffiffi N p for N spins individually coupled with strength g) is larger than any of the losses in the system (κ þ γ, where κ is the radiative loss rate and γ is the spin dephasing rate). This strong-coupling regime (g ffiffiffiffi N p ≫ κ þ γ) has been extensively studied in both theory and experiment [11][12][13][14], but clearly resolved dynamics of these collective effects are generally lacking in large ensembles due to strong dephasing (short T Ã 2 ¼ 1=γ) [2,15,16]. Here, we demonstrate the dynamics of a strongly coupled ensemble of phosphorus donor spins in highly isotopically enriched 28 Si with both a long dephasing time [17,18] and uniform coupling to the radiation field (due to the use of a 3D microwave cavity), as shown schematically in Fig.…”

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Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

et al. 2017

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We achieve the strong-coupling regime between an ensemble of phosphorus donor spins in a highly enriched 28 Si crystal and a 3D dielectric resonator. Spins are polarized beyond Boltzmann equilibrium using spin-selective optical excitation of the no-phonon bound exciton transition resulting in N ¼ 3.6 × 10 13 unpaired spins in the ensemble. We observe a normal mode splitting of the spin-ensemble-cavity polariton resonances of 2g ffiffiffiffi N p ¼ 580 kHz (where each spin is coupled with strength g) in a cavity with a quality factor of 75 000 ( γ ≪ κ ≈ 60 kHz, where γ and κ are the spin dephasing and cavity loss rates, respectively). The spin ensemble has a long dephasing time (T Ã 2 ¼ 9 μs) providing a wide window for viewing the dynamics of the coupled spin-ensemble-cavity system. The free-induction decay shows up to a dozen collapses and revivals revealing a coherent exchange of excitations between the superradiant state of the spin ensemble and the cavity at the rate g ffiffiffiffi N p. The ensemble is found to evolve as a single large pseudospin according to the Tavis-Cummings model due to minimal inhomogeneous broadening and uniform spin-cavity coupling. We demonstrate independent control of the total spin and the initial Z projection of the psuedospin using optical excitation and microwave manipulation, respectively. We vary the microwave excitation power to rotate the pseudospin on the Bloch sphere and observe a long delay in the onset of the superradiant emission as the pseudospin approaches full inversion. This delay is accompanied by an abrupt π-phase shift in the peusdospin microwave emission. The scaling of this delay with the initial angle and the sudden phase shift are explained by the Tavis-Cummings model.

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“…1(a). For the first time outside of ensembles of Rydberg atoms [15,16], we study a spin-ensemble-cavity system with both of these essential properties allowing for it to be modeled accurately as a single large pseudospin [ Fig. 1(b)] offering a simple interpretation of the spin-ensemble-cavity evolution [1,19].…”

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Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

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“…The coupling effects between excitons and plasmons are widely found in many hybrid nanomaterial systems such as plasmonic nanoparticles and structures hybridized with J‐Aggregate or quantum dots 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77. For example, significant Rabi splitting is observed which reaches to hundreds of meV and reveals strong coupling effect between excitons and plasmons.…”

Section: Plasmonic Properties Of 2d Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonics of 2D Nanomaterials: Properties and Applications

et al. 2017

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Plasmonics has developed for decades in the field of condensed matter physics and optics. Based on the classical Maxwell theory, collective excitations exhibit profound light‐matter interaction properties beyond classical physics in lots of material systems. With the development of nanofabrication and characterization technology, ultra‐thin two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials attract tremendous interest and show exceptional plasmonic properties. Here, we elaborate the advanced optical properties of 2D materials especially graphene and monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), review the plasmonic properties of graphene, and discuss the coupling effect in hybrid 2D nanomaterials. Then, the plasmonic tuning methods of 2D nanomaterials are presented from theoretical models to experimental investigations. Furthermore, we reveal the potential applications in photocatalysis, photovoltaics and photodetections, based on the development of 2D nanomaterials, we make a prospect for the future theoretical physics and practical applications.

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“…Additionally, even in the absence of external perturbation of light (n = 0), states 1a) and 1b) can still exhibit hybridization through the vacuum field, for which the coupling strength is hOR [58]. The optical stark shift of 1a) -> 1b) optical transition can also be evaluated, after taking a weak field approximation in which hR << E -Ea -hv, giving…”

Section: Quantum-mechanical Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent Light-Matter Interactions in Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

Sie

2018

Springer Theses

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Semiconductors that are thinned down to a few atomic layers can exhibit novel properties beyond those encountered in bulk forms. Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as MoS 2 , WS 2 and WSe 2 are prime examples of such semiconductors. They appear in layered structure that can be reduced to a stable single layer where remarkable electronic properties can emerge. Monolayer TMDs have a pair of electronic valleys which have been proposed as a new way to carry information in next generation devices, called valleytronics. However, these valleys are normally locked in the same energy level, which limits their potential use for applications.This dissertation presents the optical methods to split their energy levels by means of coherent light-matter interactions. Experiments were performed in a pump-probe technique using a transient absorption spectroscopy on MoS 2 and WS 2 , and a newly developed XUV light source for time and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (TR-ARPES) on WSe 2 and WTe 2 . Hybridizing the electronic valleys with light allows us to optically tune their energy levels in a controllable valley-selective manner. In particular, by using off-resonance circularly polarized light at small detuning, we can tune the energy level of one valley through the optical Stark effect. At larger detuning, we observe a separate contribution from the so-called Bloch-Siegert effect, a delicate phenomenon that has eluded direct observation in solids. The two effects obey opposite selection rules, which enables us to separate the two effects at two different valleys.Monolayer TMDs also possess strong Coulomb interaction that enhances many-body interactions between excitons, both bonding and non-bonding interactions. In the former, bound excitonic quasiparticles such as biexcitons play a unique role in coherent light-matter interactions where they couple the two valleys to induce opposite energy shifts. In the latter, non-bonding interactions between excitons are found to exhibit energy shifts that effectively mimics the Lennard-Jones interactions between atoms. Through these works, we demonstrate new methods to optically tune the energy levels of electronic valleys in monolayer TMDs. AcknowledgmentsFirst and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor Prof. Nuh Gedik for his mentorship and support. He has been a constant source of inspiration since I first started my graduate studies. Actually it was even before that. I remember my first meeting at a conference in Boston where he presented a real-time image of crystalline lattice motion. The idea of watching Michael Jackson performing Billie Jean flashed through my head, because he was that cool and inspiring, and he continues to be so. He has been a tremendous support since day one, where I was given the opportunity to design and build the XUV beamline for ARPES in the lab as well as the freedom to build the white-light setup next to it. His vigor to make new innovations in timeresolved experiments is always inspiring. Throughout my graduate studies, he...

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Quantum Rabi Oscillation: A Direct Test of Field Quantization in a Cavity

Cited by 944 publications

References 13 publications

Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

Coherent Rabi Dynamics of a Superradiant Spin Ensemble in a Microwave Cavity

Plasmonics of 2D Nanomaterials: Properties and Applications

Coherent Light-Matter Interactions in Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides

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