Quantum programming languages

Heim, Bettina; Soeken, Mathias; Marshall, Sarah; Granade, Chris; Roetteler, Martin; Geller, Alan; Troyer, Matthias; Svore, Krysta M.

doi:10.1038/s42254-020-00245-7

Cited by 77 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“… Software applications : In software applications, quantum programming languages, QC‐based compilers, QC‐based logical level schedulers and optimizers, QC‐based error‐correction firmwares, QC‐based physical level schedulers and optimizers, and QC‐based device control firmware are major areas observed in recent studies. Figure 7 shows the classification of software applications in QC. Quantum programming languages : Various studies are performed to discuss the importance and challenges of quantum programming languages 40,125–130 . According to Heim et al 126 and Gay, 40 important aspects to study in this domain includes (i) programming language designs (PLD), (ii) programming language semantics (PLS), (iii) programming language compilation (PLC), (iv) commuting operations (CO), (v) controlled operations (COp), adjoint operations (AO), and clean and borrowed qubits (CbQ) 127–130 .…”

Section: Quantum Software Tools Technologies and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

et al. 2021

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Quantum computing (QC) is an emerging paradigm with the potential to offer significant computational advantage over conventional classical computing by exploiting quantum‐mechanical principles such as entanglement and superposition. It is anticipated that this computational advantage of QC will help to solve many complex and computationally intractable problems in several application domains such as drug design, data science, clean energy, finance, industrial chemical development, secure communications, and quantum chemistry. In recent years, tremendous progress in both quantum hardware development and quantum software/algorithm has brought QC much closer to reality. Indeed, the demonstration of quantum supremacy marks a significant milestone in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) era—the next logical step being the quantum advantage whereby quantum computers solve a real‐world problem much more efficiently than classical computing. As the quantum devices are expected to steadily scale up in the next few years, quantum decoherence and qubit interconnectivity are two of the major challenges to achieve quantum advantage in the NISQ era. QC is a highly topical and fast‐moving field of research with significant ongoing progress in all facets. A systematic review of the existing literature on QC will be invaluable to understand the state‐of‐the‐art of this emerging field and identify open challenges for the QC community to address in the coming years. This article presents a comprehensive review of QC literature and proposes taxonomy of QC. The proposed taxonomy is used to map various related studies to identify the research gaps. A detailed overview of quantum software tools and technologies, post‐quantum cryptography, and quantum computer hardware development captures the current state‐of‐the‐art in the respective areas. The article identifies and highlights various open challenges and promising future directions for research and innovation in QC.

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Section: Quantum Software Tools Technologies and Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

et al. 2021

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“…For an extensive review of quantum programming, see the article "Quantum Programming Languages" [4] . The following references are selected as systems in which results close to those of QQCS could be obtained.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick Quantum Circuit Simulation

Evans

2021

j. of Comput. sci. res.

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Quick Quantum Circuit Simulation (QQCS) is a software system for computing the result of a quantum circuit using a notation that derives directly from the circuit, expressed in a single input line. Quantum circuits begin with an initial quantum state of one or more qubits, which are the quantum analog to classical bits. The initial state is modified by a sequence of quantum gates, quantum machine language instructions, to get the final state. Measurements are made of the final state and displayed as a classical binary result. Measurements are postponed to the end of the circuit because a quantum state collapses when measured and produces probabilistic results, a consequence of quantum uncertainty. A circuit may be run many times on a quantum computer to refine the probabilistic result. Mathematically, quantum states are 2n -dimensional vectors over the complex number field, where n is the number of qubits. A gate is a 2n ×2n unitary matrix of complex values. Matrix multiplication models the application of a gate to a quantum state. QQCS is a mathematical rendering of each step of a quantum algorithm represented as a circuit, and as such, can present a trace of the quantum state of the circuit after each gate, compute gate equivalents for each circuit step, and perform measurements at any point in the circuit without state collapse. Output displays are in vector coefficients or Dirac bra-ket notation. It is an easy-to-use educational tool for students new to quantum computing.

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“…The information in H2O networks could be quantitated with the basic unit of bit and quantum unit or qubit (Fig. 4) (28). For example, if the bit was defined as Ι 0 ˃ representing the broken hydrogen bond and Ι 1 ˃ representing the intact hydrogen bond.…”

Section: Bioinformation Central Dogma In the Aqua Biomolecule Complexesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquamoleculomics: A Thermodynamic Cornerstone of Systems Biology

Nie¹,

Nie²

2021

Preprint

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Systems biology has been established for more than a decade in the post-genomic era. With the help of the computational and mathematical tools, systems biology reconstitutes the entire scenario of the cell, tissue and even organism from the pieces data generated in the past decades. However, the modern biology is mainly focusing on the structure and function of the biomolecule, cell, tissue or organ, which are far from the essence of the life because of missing thermodynamic information. It is doubtable that the current systems biology-based omics is no-how to fully understand the dynamic courses of the structure, function and information in life. For this reason, we promote a novel concept of aquamoleculomics, in which the biological structure and function as well as thermodynamic characteristics and bioinformation of the aquamolecule complexes are included in this theoretical model of systems biology. Water is mother of life, matter and matrix of organism. Indeed, the fundamental roles of H2O molecules in biological processes might be dramatically underestimated. Extremely speaking, H2O networks in the living system might be engaged in all the biological processes including building all the biological structures, the residential places of the motherhood molecules as the honeycombs of honeybees.

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Quantum programming languages

Cited by 77 publications

References 61 publications

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

Quantum computing: A taxonomy, systematic review and future directions

Quick Quantum Circuit Simulation

Aquamoleculomics: A Thermodynamic Cornerstone of Systems Biology

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