Quantum Point Defects for Solid‐State Laser Refrigeration

Xia, Xiaojing; Pant, Anupum; Ganas, Abbie S.; Jelezko, Fedor; Pauzauskie, Peter J.

doi:10.1002/adma.201905406

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(270 reference statements)

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“…It is clear from the observed emission spectra that, energy transfer from the higher lying laser level of the Yb +3 ion ( 2 F5/2 level) into these impurity ions create loss of inversion and gain. Furthermore, besides the radiative decay lines we observe as upconversion emission, the energy levels of the Tm, Er and Tm also possess non-radiative transitions, and via multi-phonon emission impurity ions could also create parasitic heating [60]. Hence, presence of rare-earth impurities in highly Yb-doped YLF samples might prevent efficient operation of lasers/amplifiers that intrinsically rely on highly-doped samples such as in thin-disk geometry.…”

Section: Room-temperature Upconversion Spectrum Of 25% Yb-doped Ylf Samplementioning

confidence: 94%

Temperature and doping dependence of fluorescence lifetime in Yb:YLF (role of impurities)

et al. 2021

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We have investigated temperature and doping dependence of fluorescence lifetime in Yb:YLF crystals in the 78-300 K range, for samples with Yb-doping levels of 0.5%, 1 % and 25%. Radiation-trapping prolonged fluorescence lifetimes are first measured to understand the pros and cons of this inevitable process on fractional thermal load and laser gain. Later, pinhole method was used to acquire ideally trapping free fluoresce lifetimes. For the lowly Yb-doped samples, fluorescence lifetime was measured to be 1.97 ms and 2.1 ms at 78 K and 300 K, respectively. For the 25% Yb-doped sample, strong upconversion emission due to the presence of Er, Tm and Ho impurities were observed. A doubleexponential decay behavior, combined with excitation intensity dependent decay profile was also revealed for this highly doped sample. Even with the pinhole method, the 300 K fluorescence lifetimes was measured as 4.5 ms, showing the difficulty to acquire radiation-trapping free signals at high doping levels. Time dynamics of upconverted emission in different spectral regions were also recorded, which provides hints on the energy transfer mechanisms between the Yb ion and the other rare-earth impurities.

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Section: Room-temperature Upconversion Spectrum Of 25% Yb-doped Ylf Samplementioning

confidence: 94%

Temperature and doping dependence of fluorescence lifetime in Yb:YLF (role of impurities)

et al. 2021

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“…[24,25] In such case, when the energy of the emitted photon exceeds the energy of the absorbed photon and the energy difference is balanced by the absorption of host matrix phonons, net cooling has been observed (Figure 1a). Laser cooling of ytterbium-doped bulk materials (i.e., crystals and glasses) has been predicted and demonstrated, [26][27][28][29][30] first by R. I. Epstein et al in bulk ZBLANP:Yb 3+ . [31] Ytterbium-doped nano-and microparticles have been also trapped and cooled in low pressure chambers, [32] but achieving similar effects on micro/nanoparticles suspended in liquids without sophisticated chambers and high quality vacuum is much more challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Laser refrigeration by an Ytterbium-doped NaYF4 microspinner

Jaque

Haro‐González

2022

Photonic Heat Engines: Science and Applications IV

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the design and development of remotely activated heating and cooling units of micrometric dimensions. Not only thattemperature needs also to be monitored in real time so that this heating/cooling should provide real time temperature feedback to, for instance, prevent unintentional damage in biological systems. Materials science and sensing technologies are being joined together to develop contactless thermal microsensors capable of remote heating and cooling.Lanthanide-doped sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF 4 : Ln) micro/nanocrystals have been considered as one of the most important and promising building blocks of modern photonics. [5,6] Their physical properties, including their nonstoichiometric composition, [7,8] are well-studied and they are being used in a wide range of applications including bioimaging, [9,10] remote sensing, [11][12][13][14] imaging displays, solar cells [15][16][17] and photocatalysis. [18,19] Most of these applications are based on the good fluorescent properties (i.e., high (photo)stability, high brightness, spectral purity and long fluorescence lifetimes) of lanthanide ions in the NaYF 4 lattice. [20] After optical excitation, lanthanide ions in NaYF 4 undergo relaxation to their ground state by involving both radiative and nonradiative de-excitations. In most of the cases, the presence of nonradiative transitions, by multi-phonon relaxation (MPR), results in relevant heating of the NaYF 4 : Ln system through vibrations of ligands and solvent molecules. [21,22] The situation may occur differently when doping such crystals with ytterbium ions. Thermal control of liquids with high (micrometric) spatial resolution is required for advanced research such as single molecule/cell studies (where temperature is a key factor) or for the development of advanced microfluidic devices (based on the creation of thermal gradients at the microscale). Local and remote heating of liquids is easily achieved by focusing a laser beam with wavelength adjusted to absorption bands of the liquid medium or of the embedded colloidal absorbers. The opposite effect, that is highly localized cooling, is much more difficult to achieve. It requires the use of a refrigerating micro-/nanoparticle which should overcome the intrinsic liquid heating. Remote monitoring of such localized cooling, typically of a few degrees, is even more challenging. In this work, a solution to both problems is provided. Remote cooling in D 2 O is achieved via anti-Stokes emission by using an optically driven ytterbium-doped NaYF 4 microparticle. Simultaneously, the magnitude of cooling is determined by mechanical thermometry based on the analysis of the spinning dynamics of the same NaYF 4 microparticle. The angular deceleration of the NaYF 4 particle, caused by the cooling-induced increase of medium viscosity, reveals liquid refrigeration by over −6 K below ambient conditions.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202103122.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Refrigeration by an Ytterbium‐Doped NaYF₄ Microspinner

Ortiz‐Rivero

Prorok

Martı́n

et al. 2021

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Thermal control of liquids with high (micrometric) spatial resolution is required for advanced research such as single molecule/cell studies (where temperature is a key factor) or for the development of advanced microfluidic devices (based on the creation of thermal gradients at the microscale). Local and remote heating of liquids is easily achieved by focusing a laser beam with wavelength adjusted to absorption bands of the liquid medium or of the embedded colloidal absorbers. The opposite effect, that is highly localized cooling, is much more difficult to achieve. It requires the use of a refrigerating micro‐/nanoparticle which should overcome the intrinsic liquid heating. Remote monitoring of such localized cooling, typically of a few degrees, is even more challenging. In this work, a solution to both problems is provided. Remote cooling in D2O is achieved via anti‐Stokes emission by using an optically driven ytterbium‐doped NaYF4 microparticle. Simultaneously, the magnitude of cooling is determined by mechanical thermometry based on the analysis of the spinning dynamics of the same NaYF4 microparticle. The angular deceleration of the NaYF4 particle, caused by the cooling‐induced increase of medium viscosity, reveals liquid refrigeration by over −6 K below ambient conditions.

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Quantum Point Defects for Solid‐State Laser Refrigeration

Cited by 19 publications

References 189 publications

Temperature and doping dependence of fluorescence lifetime in Yb:YLF (role of impurities)

Temperature and doping dependence of fluorescence lifetime in Yb:YLF (role of impurities)

Laser refrigeration by an Ytterbium-doped NaYF4 microspinner

Laser Refrigeration by an Ytterbium‐Doped NaYF₄ Microspinner

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Quantum Point Defects for Solid‐State Laser Refrigeration

Cited by 19 publications

References 189 publications

Temperature and doping dependence of fluorescence lifetime in Yb:YLF (role of impurities)

Temperature and doping dependence of fluorescence lifetime in Yb:YLF (role of impurities)

Laser refrigeration by an Ytterbium-doped NaYF4 microspinner

Laser Refrigeration by an Ytterbium‐Doped NaYF4 Microspinner

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Laser Refrigeration by an Ytterbium‐Doped NaYF₄ Microspinner